Republic of the Philippines

Brown, W.H. (1 954) Useful Plants of the Philippines. Republic of the Philippines. Department of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Technical Bulletin. Bur Printer, Manila. 

In the Executive Order 247 of the Republic of the Philippines (see Section 4 and Section 5.3), bioprospecting is defined as the research, collection and utilization of biological and genetic resources for purposes of applying the knowledge derived therefrom to scientific and/or commercial purposes . 

The CBD produced a flurry of activity in a number of countries to develop laws that would regulate access to genetic resources. Among the first countries to act were the Republic of the Philippines, Brazil, Colombia and Ecuador.39,40... 

In its assessment report, the IUCN discussed the activities in all these 41 countries and described the decision-making processes that have led them to move, in some cases successfully, towards the development of national access and benefit-sharing policies.51 One of the countries of interest to the IUCN was the Republic of the Philippines because, in 1995, it became the first country to enact an access and benefit-sharing policy. 

The actions taken in the Republic of the Philippines, as discussed in Section 4, have been the subject of considerable interest as it was a pioneer in developing regulations and protocols for access to indigenous resources and knowledge. 

The relationship between TRIPS and the CBD is a very complex one.55,56 As pointed out at a CBD/TRIPS workshop held in the Republic of the Philippines... 

A. G. M. La Vina, M. J. A. Caleda and M. L. L. Balon, Regulating Access to Biological and Genetic Resources in the Philippines. A Manual for Implementation of Executive Order No. 247, Foundation for Philippine Environment and World Resources Institute, Quezon City, Republic of the Philippines, 1997. 

Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Guidelines for Bioprospecting Activities in the Philippines, Quezon City, Republic of the Philippines, 2004, www.denr.gov.ph/article/view/2332/, accessed 23 April 2009. 

Anon., Strengthening Research and Policy-making Capacity on Trade and Environment in Developing Countries. The CBD/TRIPS Relationship, Second Workshop held in Los Banos, Republic of the Philippines, 11-13 November, 1999. Discussion paper, draft, www.unctad.org/trade env/ docs/cbd-trip.pdf, accessed 23 April 2009. 

Anon, "The National Nonconventional Energy Resources Development Program - Progress Report" Republic of the Philippines, Ministry of Energy, January 1979. 

B. Wilson, UNCTAD jlLMC Project Report, A Review of the Environmental and Occupational Impact of Philippine Recyclers Inc. at the Bulacan site Republic of the Philippines, 1997 to 2000, International Lead Zinc Research Organization, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA, 2002. 

In the Philippines autonomy settlement, the autonomous unit is also constituted through a plebiscite, although no external self-determination is provided for. Final Peace Agreement between the Government of the Republic of the Philippines and the Moro National Liberation Front of 2 September 1996, at http //www.intstudies. cam.ac.uk/centre/cps/documents philippines final.html, accessed 3 November 2008. 

In the Republic of the Philippines, the term fertilizer includes substances (either solid or liquid), nutrient elements (either organic or inorganic, single or in combination), and any materials applied directly to the soil for the purpose of promoting plant growth, increasing crop yields, or promoting their quality. 

More than 90% of the world s nickel is obtained from pentlandite ((FeNi)9S8), a nickel-sulfitic mineral, mined underground in Canada and the former Soviet Union (Sevin 1980 IARC 1976 WHO 1991). One of the largest sulfitic nickel deposits is in Sudbury, Ontario (USPHS 1993). Nickeliferous sulfide deposits are also found in Manitoba, South Africa, the former Soviet Union, Finland, western Australia, and Minnesota (Norseth and Piscator 1979 USPHS 1993). Most of the rest of the nickel obtained is from nickel minerals such as laterite, a nickel oxide ore mined by open pit techniques in Australia, Cuba, Indonesia, New Caledonia, and the former Soviet Union (Sevin 1980). Lateritic ores are less well defined than sulfitic ores, although the nickel content (1 to 3%) of both ores is similar (USPHS 1993). Important deposits of laterite are located in New Caledonia, Indonesia, Guatemala, the Dominican Republic, the Philippines, Brazil, and especially Cuba, which holds 35% of the known reserves (USPHS 1993). Nickel-rich nodules are found on the ocean floor, and nickel is also present in fossil fuels (Sevin 1980). 

The lateritic hydrous nickel silicate ores are formed by the weathering of rocks rich in iron and magnesium in humid tropical areas. The repeated processes of dissolution and precipitation lead to a uniform dispersal of the nickel that is not amenable to concentration by physical means therefore, these ores are concentrated by chemical means such as leaching. Fateritic ores are less well defined than sulfide ores. The nickel content of lateritic ores is similar to that of sulfide ore and typically ranges from 1% to 3% nickel. Important lateritic deposits of nickel are located in Cuba, New Caledonia, Indonesia, Guatemala, the Dominican Republic, the Philippines, and Brazil. Fossil nickeliferous laterite... 

Information available in 1999 indicated that di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was produced by 30 companies in China, 15 companies in India, 12 companies in Japan, eight companies in Mexico, seven companies in Taiwan, five companies each in Germany and the Russian Federation, four companies each in Argentina, Brazil, the Philippines and the United States, three companies each in Canada, Chile, Spain, Thailand, Turkey and Venezuela, two companies each in Belgium, Colombia, Ecuador, France, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Korea (Republic of), Malaysia and Poland, and one company each in Albania, the Czech Republic, Finland, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Peru, Romania, South Africa, Sweden, Ukraine, the United Kingdom and Viet Nam (Chemical Information Services, 1999). 

From China to Hong Kong SAR of China, the Philippines, Malaysia, Republic of Korea, Taiwan province of China and/or Japan. 

From the Philippines to the Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, Taiwan province of China, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, the USA (including Guam), Canada and Spain (small quantities). 

In 2005, the authorities of the Republic of Korea reported that 70 per cent of the trafficked and seized methamphetamine originated from China, 22 per cent from the Philippines and 4 per cent from Canada. In addition, the USA was identified as a source country in both 2003 and 2004.3... 

The following countries are included in FAO (1994) but no data for cheese production are available Burkina Faso, Burundi, Chad, Madagascar, Guinea, Rwanda, Senegal, Somalia, Swaziland, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Suriname, India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, United Arab Emirates and Fiji. 

Chromium occurs chiefly as chromite (ferrous chromite). Fe(CrOy)-. in Zimbabwe, the Republic of South Africa, the former USS.R, New Caledonia. India. Philippine Islands. Japan, Turkey. Greece. Cuba, and California. (I I Healing chromite in the elcclric furnace with carbon yields ferrochrume for alloys, and (2) when chromite is heated with sodium earhonale and nilralc. sodium chromate is formed, which is then extracted with HyO. This is the substance from which chromium compounds are obtained. See also Chromite. 

Asia and Pacific Region (7) Australia, India, Japan, the Philippines, Republic of Korea, Taiwan, Thailand ... 

Small nations with a few nuclear power plants would find it cheaper to lease fuel from the FNFCC than to try to reprocess it themselves. This would constitute a major, realistic, nonproliferation initiative. Candidate nations include the Republic of China, South Korea, the Philippines, Argentina, and Brazil. 

There are existing legal mandates that cover the management of POPs and other toxic and hazardous substances in the country. In June 1999, the Philippine Congress enacted the Philippine Clean Air Act (Republic Act 8749), wherein Section 32 addresses POPs and Section 20... 

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