Reporting experiments

This paper reports experiences and developments gained on the testing-system NFUS2300 [Ref. 6]. It will show the advanced state of the used technique and present a successful in-situ testing. 

Elsworth et al. (1983) report experiments performed in an open-topped channel 52 m long x 5 m high whose width was variable from 1 to 3 m. Experiments were performed with propane, both premixed as vapor and after a realistic spill of liquid within the channel. In some of the premixed combustion tests, baffles 1-2 m high were inserted into the bottom of the channel. Ignition of the propane-air mixtures revealed typical flame speeds of 4 m/s for the spill tests, and maximum flame speeds of 12.3 m/s in the premixed combustion tests. Pressure transducers recorded strong oscillations, but no quasi-static ovetpressure. 

Pfortner (1985) reports experiments with hydrogen in a lane, 10 m long and 3 X 3 m in cross section, in which a fan was used to produce turbulence. In these experiments, a transition to detonation occurred at high fan speeds. 

In general, the range of reported experience supports the conventional wisdom. Rail is potentially the most efficient method of motorized passenger travel but bus is almost the equal of rail. Motorcycles are also quite efficient (and this assumes only the driver—motorcycles with passengers are the most energy-efficient vehicles of all). Automobiles and airlines do typically consume more energy per passenger-kilometer than rail. 

Levy et al. (L8), have reported experiments with water at 1000 psia using a I02-in. long annulus comprising a 0.540-in. diameter uniformly heated rod... 

The pulsed circuitry of the time-of-flight mass spectrometer is ideally suited for this type of operation, and both Hand and von Weyssenhoff (12, 13) and Lampe and Hess (25) have reported experiments using such an instrument with variable delay between the ionizing and withdrawal pulses to study secondary processes. 

Incandescent lamps consist of glass bulbs that enclose an electrically heated filament that emits light. For over 50 years prior to Thomas Edison s success, scientists had experimented with developing electric lamps. With financiers such as J. P. Morgan and the Vanderbilts, Edison founded the Edison Electric Light Company in 1878 with the prime mission to generate cheap electric power to provide an illumination source. For the filament of his electric lamp, Edison reportedly experimented on 6000 different types of materials, eventually narrowing his focus on fine platinum wire and a mix of 10% iridium with platinum. Unfortunately,... 

Prior to 1966-1967, based on numerous attempts to synthesize molecules containing a silicon-carbon double bond (150-152) the firm position had been reached that, if they could be formed at all, silenes were (would be) too unstable to survive. It was believed that the it bond would be very weak because of poor overlap, due to the differences in energy and the longer bond distances between the adjacent 2p and 3p orbitals of carbon and silicon, respectively (153,154). In 1967 Gusel nikov and Flowers (155) reported experiments which reopened the entire issue of it bonding... 

The mechanism of the methoxycarbonylation of alkynes667-669 promoted by the Pd(OAc)2/ PPh2(pyc)/CH3S03H catalytic system has been reported. Experiments carried out using 1-alkynes and CH3OD and 111 NMR reveal that the catalyst also promotes the exchange of the terminal hydrogen of the alkyne with the deuterium of the alcohol.677... 

Boland and Geldart reported experiments with glass ballotini in a specially designed two-dimensional bed (Boland and Geldart, 1971). To... 

Macalady et al. [ 18] report experiments in which chlorinated sea water was exposed to sunlight at various intensities, to simulate different periods of the day. The results of subsequent analyses for bromates and residual oxidants show that the rate and extent of bromate formation depend on the intensity of the sunlight, with none found in samples kept in the dark for 24 h at 40 °C. It would appear that large amounts of bromate have already been produced in estuarine and coastal waters with unknown effects, as little information is available on the direct toxicity of the bromate ion. 

An efficient optical coupling to the WGMs is instrumental in order to harvest the full potential of the high-2 droplet resonators. In most reported experiments, the droplet resonators are probed by free-space excitation, where, e.g., a Gaussian laser beam excites resonator modes and scattered light or fluorescence is detected. This approach... 

Bertole et al.u reported experiments on an unsupported Re-promoted cobalt catalyst. The experiments were done in a SSITKA setup, at 210 °C and pressures in the range 3-16.5 bar, using a 4 mm i.d. fixed bed reactor. The partial pressures of H2, CO and H20 in the feed were varied, and the deactivation, effect on activity, selectivity and intrinsic activity (SSITKA) were studied. The direct observation of the kinetic effect of the water on the activity was difficult due to deactivation. However, the authors discuss kinetic effects of water after correcting for deactivation. The results are summarized in Table 1, the table showing the ratio between the results obtained with added water in the feed divided by the same result in a dry experiment. The column headings refer to the actual experiments compared. It is evident that adding water leads to an increase in the overall rate constant kco. The authors also report the intrinsic pseudo first order rate-coefficient kc, where the overall rate of CO conversion rco = kc 6C and 0C is the coverage of active... 

In a recent paper, Lin and Saunders (1994) reported experiments aimed at identifying the structural factors that promote tunnelling in E2 elimination reactions. In that investigation, the alkyl group of the doubly labelled 2-arylethyl substrates, [22]—[24], were varied while the leaving group was kept constant. 

We have shown, in a series of reported experiments that cationic fullerenes fulfill many, but not all the aforementioned criteria. Our laboratory was the first to demonstrate that the soluble functionalized fullerenes described above, especially the cationic compounds BF4-BF6, were efficient antimicrobial PS and could mediate photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of various classes of microbial cells (Tegos et al., 2005). We used a broadband-pass filter giving an output of the entire visible spectrum (400-700 nm) to excite the fullerenes that maximized the absorption. 

Since the first report of the nonequivalence phenomenon, approximately 40 chiral substances have been reported to induce enantiomeric nonequivalence in the NMR spectra of a host of solutes. These CSAs are encountered in subsequent discussions. Two qualities considered to be essential in the design of the first reported experiment (3) are evident in nearly all CSA-solute combinations. In all cases, the CSA and the solute have the common feature of complementary functionality, which permits their interaction. Both are in general hydrogen bond donors or acceptors the CSAs are acids, amines, alcohols, sulfoxides, or cyclic compounds such as cyclodextiins, crown ethers, or peptides, which attractively interact with appropriate enantiomeric solutes, engendering different spatial environments for their nuclei. In nearly every case the CSA contains a group of high diamagnetic anisotropy near its asymmetric center, a feature... 

NCTR. 1979. Metabolism of azo dyes to potentially carcinogenic amines. National Center for Toxicological Research Technical Report, Experiment No. 196. 

Prior to our understanding, there was only one reported experiment on the biosynthesis of PSP, in which C-amino acid precursors were fed to the culture of Gonyaulax catenella, and the incorporation of some radioactivity was observed in the crude toxin fraction (4). 

In order to take account of the effect of temperature and to determine the heat transfer coefficient at realistic freezing temperatures, rather than the room temperature of the reported experiments, and to extend the model to other particle shapes and sizes, Vazquez and Calvelo (1980) then plotted their data according to the model proposed by Chang and Wen (1966)... 

There is far less reported experience for ab initio studies of electronically excited states than for ground states. Matrix Hartree-Fock calculations for excited states cannot be considered routine. Often the same basis set is used for both the ground and excited state even though as long ago as 1958 Shull and Lowdin [17] demonstrated... 

In addition to these acidity/exchange effects, side reactions with supercritical CO2 have also been studied [72]. The authors reported experiments in a high-pressure NMR cell withstanding pressures up to 1000 bar. For methanol/ IL mixtures, NMRs showed signals of bicarbonafe and mefhyl carbonate ... 

In the heretofore reported experiments, as in almost all photo-Fries rearrangements, no weta-rearranged products have been found. Traces of 3-methoxyacetophenone (yield <0.3%) were found upon the irradiation of phenylacetate and after methylation of the reaction mixture.40 Finnegan and... 

An important advantage of the GRASSHopper device is the fact that after a complete MAH cycle of three orientations, the MAH device can be re-initialized by rotating backward to the initial orientation. For this reason, a number of flexible input and output lines to the sample chamber of the GRASSHopper device exist and allow a rotation of the fixed-bed reactor about an axis in the magic-angle while the system is gas-tight (Fig. 16). In the reported experiments 66), the 120° hop time... 

Marqueyrol [74] reported experiments carried out in France over a period of 15 years to compare the efficiency of various stabilizers. The results are shown in Table 175. In addition to amyl alcohol and diphenylamine, the action of N-nitrosodiphenyl-amine (diphenylnitrosamine), carbazole, diphenylbenzamide, nitronaphthalene and naphthalene was also tested. The powder was stored at temperatures of 40, 60 or 75°C. The experiments were stopped when the powder showed signs of intense decomposition, giving off nitric oxides. This was also manifested by a sudden fall pf the nitrogen content in nitrocellulose isolated from the samples. 

In the test described in Ref 2, the pellets were made of TNT instead of PA (Picric Acid) of original test (Ref 1), because TNT is less sensitive and more uniform. They were not phlegmatized with oil, as only a limited quantity can be incorporated with.the expl, the excess being driven aut again on pressing. Most of the reported experiments were carridd out with TNT incorporated with 4 to 14% paraffin wax pressed at 400 kg/cm2 to pellets of 25mm... 

G. Gerber The reported experiment was done with fixed-frequency laser pulses for the pump and the probe laser. I do agree that the observation of ZEKE electrons and the dynamics of the signal using tunable femtosecond laser pulses would be of interest. 

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