Remediation of contaminated land

In many cases, contaminated land can be treated in order to rehabilitate it for future use. The success of remediation techniques depends on the concentration, type and availability of the contaminants present, and on-site factors, such as soil texture, pH, availability of terminal electron acceptors (Section 4.6.5) and the age 

Reduction to amino funtional groups enhances binding to soil organic matter 

Bioremediation is either done in situ, with contamination treated where it occurs, ox ex situ, where contaminated soil is removed by excavation prior to treatment. In some cases treatment can be ex situ on-site, i.e. where soil is excavated but treated on site in heaps. In situ and ex situ approaches have their advantages and disadvantages, as outlined in Table 4.11. 

In situ bioremediation by biostimulation—Exxon Valdez oil spillage 

Biostimulation is the promotion of favourable conditions to facilitate the degradation of contaminants by in situ microorganisms. Stimulation can be achieved 

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Remediation of contaminated land, occupational hygiene aspects on the safe selection and use of... 

Vic, E.A. and Bardos, P., Remediation of Contaminated Land. Technology Implementation in Europe, Federal Environmental Agency, Austria. CLARINET Report, available at www.clarinet.at, 2002. With permission. 

Chaney R. L., Angle J. S., Wang A. S., McIntosh M.S., Broadhurst L., and Reeves R. D., 2005, Phytoextraction of soil Cd, Ni and Zn using hyperaccumulator plants to alleviate risks of metal contaminated soils requiring remediation. International Workshop Current developments in remediation of contaminated lands p. 39, 27-29 October 2005. Pulawy, Poland. 

Cotter-Howells, J. Caporn, S. 1996. Remediation of contaminated land by formation of heavy metal phosphates. Applied Geochemistry, 11, 335-342. 

The substantial changes include more emphasis on organic chemistry, soils, contaminants in continental water and remediation of contaminated land. T> do this effectively, the terrestrial environments chapter from the first edition has been split into two chapters dealing broadly with solids and water. We have reorganized the box structure of the book and have placed some of the original box material, augmented by new sections, to form a new chapter outlining some of the basic chemical principles that underpin most sections of the book. 

For certain substances, soil quality guidelines have been produced to aid the risk assessment. The regulations require each enforcing authority to keep a public register. The public register is intended to act as a full and permanent record, open for public inspection, of all regulatory action taken by the enforcing authority in respect of the remediation of contaminated land, and will include information about the condition of land. 

Finnamore, J., Barr, D., Weeks, J. Nathanail, C.P. (2002) Biological methods of assessment and remediation of contaminated land. CIRIA Report C575, CIRIA London. 

CLAIRE - www.claire.co.uk. CLAIRE organises and assesses the results of projects, and disseminates the results to those who have an interest in the remediation of contaminated land. 

At the European scale, the Common Forum (http //www.commonforum.eu) and its initiatives CARACAS (Umweltbundesamt, 1998) and CLARINET (Vegter et al., 2003) were the first to endorse and promote the concept of risk-based management, specifically for contaminated land. They named it risk-based land management (RBLM). RBLM is primarily a framework for the integration of two key decisions for the remediation of contaminated land ... 

Inhalation of contaminated dust generated during remediation of contaminated land Inhalation of volatile chemical from soil Contact with soil during remediation of contaminated land Contact with dust-containing soil Contact with contaminated water through washing... 

Buildmark covers the full cost, if it is more than 500 at April 1999 prices, of cleaning up contamination of the land on which the house is built. This new cover will operate if a local authority or the Environment Agency takes action under Environmental law. NHBC Chapter 4.16 was issued in order to enable the Buildmark warranty to be extended to cover statutory remediation of contaminated land. Chapter 4.1 provides a framework for managing geotechnical and contamination issues to ensure ... 

Vik EA, Bardos P. (2002). Remediation of Contaminated Land Technology Implementation in Europe. A report from the Contaminated Land Rehabihtation Network for Environmental Technologies. http //www.umweltbundesamt.at/en/umweltschutz/ altlasten/projektel/mternationall/clarinet/clarinet results (accessed May 26,2009). 

Guidance on criteria for the remediation of contaminated land is being developed by IAEA [17]. The approach being tised is to apply the principles of the ICRP relevant to practice situations and to interventions. A practice is any activity that increases the exposure or the likelihood of exposure of people, while an intervention is any action intended u> reduce or avert exposure or the likelihood of exposure to sources which are not part of a controlled practice or which are out of control as a consequence of an accident. Situations involving contaminated areas may fall into either... 

The Agency supports the UK approach for dealing with risks to health and the environment, which takes into account the actual or intended future use of the site. This approach allows for the finite resources available to be concentrated where they are most needed and supports the principle of sustainable development by encouraging the remediation of contaminated land and the return to beneficial use. 

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