Rehabilitation, reinforced concrete

R. B. Polder, Cathodic protection of reinforced-concrete stmctures in the Netherlands — experience and developments , in Corrosion of Reinforcement in Concrete - Monitoring, Prevention and Rehabilitation, Papers from Eurocorr" 97, J. Mietz,... 

P. Pedeferri, L. Bertolini, F. Bolzoni, T. Pastore, Behaviour of stainless steels in concrete , in Repair and Rehabilitation Reinforced Concrete Structures the State of the Art,... 

D. McDonald, D. Pfeifer, P. Virmani, Corrosion resistant reinforcing bars - findings of a 5-year study , Int. Conf on Corrosion and Rehabilitation of Reinforced Concrete Structures, Federal Highway Administration, Orlando, 7-11 December 1998 (CD ROM). 

Cathodic protection of reinforced-concrete structures exposed to the atmosphere was apphed for the first time to bridge decks contaminated by de-icing salts by R. F. StratfuU in California in 1973 [1,2]. In the years following, design and protection criteria were elaborated, as well as power supply and monitoring systems completely different from those used for cathodic protection of buried steel structures or structures operating in seawater. Above all, it was proved that cathodic protection was a rehable repair technique even in the presence of high chloride contents, where traditional systems of rehabilitation are inefficient or very costly. 

G. Sergi, C. L. Page, Advances in electrochemical rehabilitation techniques for reinforced concrete ,... 

J. Mietz, Electrochemical rehabilitation methods for reinforced-concrete structures - A state of the art report , European Federation of Corrosion Publication number 24, lOM Communications, London, 1998. 

Rehabilitation is achieved by overlays such as latex-modified concrete, low-slump concrete, high-density concrete, and polymer concrete. They are commonly used for the rehabihtation of bridge decks. This procedure extends the life of a bridge deck by about 15 years. Impressed-current CP systems on bridge decks are now a routine rehabihtation teehnique because of the cooperative research with industry and states in the development of durable anodes, monitoring devices, and installation techniques. Titanium mesh anode, used in conjunction with a concrete overlay to distribute protective current, serves as a durable anode for use in impressed-current CP of reinforced concrete bridge deeks and widely accepted by state and other transportation agencies. 

There are 543,019 concrete and steel bridges of which 78,448 are structurally deficient, leaving 464,571 bridges to be maintained for estimating purposes it is assumed that all these bridges have a conventionally reinforced concrete deck. The annualized life-cycle direct cost of original construction, routine maintenance, patching and rehabilitation for a black steel rebar deck costs between 18,000 and 22,000. These costs are both corrosion- and non-corrosion related. 

The potential of the corroding surface can be monitored periodically by means of a reference electrode. One such example is the corrosion potential measurement of reinforced steel rebar in concrete structures. Corrosion of the steel in reinforced concrete is a major factor in the deterioration of highway and bridge infrastructure. A survey of the condition ofa reinforced concrete structure is the first step toward its rehabilitation. A rapid, cost-effective, and nondestructive condition survey offers key information to evaluate the corrosion, aids in quality assurance of concrete repair and rehabilitation. 

Wide-ranging use of repair, restoration or rehabilitation systems using polymer-modified paste, mortar and concrete for deteriorated reinforced concrete structures [72-73]... 

Raharinaivo, A. and Malric, B. (December, 1998). Performance of Monofluorophosphate for Inhibiting Corrosion of Steel in Reinforced Concrete Structures Proc. International Conference on Corrosion and Rehabilitation of Reinforced Concrete Structures. Orlando Florida. 

Mietz, J. (1998). Electrochemical Rehabilitation Methods for Reinforced Concrete Structures - A State of the Art Report. 24 ed. London European... 

Purvis, R.L. Babaei, K., Clear, K.C. and Markow, M.J. (1999). Life cycle lost analysis for protection and rehabilitation of concrete bridges relative to reinforcement corrosion. SHRP Published Report. SHRP-S-377. National Research Council, Wastington, DC. 

Virmani, Y.P. (1997). Corrosion Protection Systems for Construction and Rehabilitation of Salt-contaminated Reinforced Concrete Bridge Members. Proceedings of the International Conference on Repair of Concrete Structures - From Theory to Practice in a Marine Environment, Svolvaer, Norway, pp 107-122. 

SHRP The Strategic Highway Research Program. A 150 million research effort that spent about 10 million on corrosion of reinforced concrete bridges suffering from chloride induced corrosion. SHRP produced about 40 reports covering assessment, repair and rehabilitation methodology. All reports can be downloaded from the www.trb.org website... 

Composite materials have also been used to maintain and extend the safe life of bridges and reinforced concrete structures. Indeed, Australian, Japanese and US companies are already focusing on this technique. There are three principal ways in which composites can be used to rehabilitate ageing infrastructure ... 

The structures programme was entirely concerned with corrosion of reinforced concrete bridges suffering from salt induced corrosion. Its work on structures covered physical assessment, cathodic protection, electrochemical chloride removal, physical and chemical methods of rehabilitating bridge components and a methodology of bridge... 

Concrete Bridge Protection and Rehabilitation Chemical and Physical Techniques—Service Life Estimates. Pre.sents definitions of end of service life of reinforced concrete bridge components exposed to chloride laden environments categorizes corrosive environments and defines end of... 

Pulido C, Saiidi MS, Sanders D, Itani A, El-Azazy S (2004) Seismic performance of two-column bents - Part II retrofit with infill walls. ACI Struct J 101(5) 642-649 Sonuvar M, Ozcebe G, Ersoy U (2004) Rehabilitation of reinforced concrete frames with reinforced concrete infills. ACI Struct J 101(4) 494-500... 

Pegon P, Molina FJ, Magonette G (2008) Continuous pseudo-dynamic testing at ELSA. In Saouma VE, Sivaselvan MV (eds) Hybrid simulation theory, implcanentation and applications. Taylor Francis/Balkema Publishers, London, pp 79-88 Shiohara H, Hosokawa Y, Nakamura T, Aoyama H (1984) Tests on the construction method of seismic rehabilitation of existing reinforced concrete buildings. In Proceedings, vol 6. Japan Concrete Institute, Tokyo, pp 405-408... 

Sonuvar M, Ozcebe G, Ersoy U (2004) Rehabilitation of reinforced craicrete frames with reinforced concrete infills. ACI Struct J 101(4) 494—500 Sugano S (ed) (2007) Seismic rehabilitation of concrete structures, Intemational Publication Series lPS-2. American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills Sugimoto T, Masuo K, Komiya T, Ueda M (1999) Experimtaital study on RC infill walls which used adhesive anchor with specification for practice. Summary of technical papers of annual meeting, vol 9. Architectural Institute of Japan, Tokyo, pp 219-222 Takeyama H, Satoh A, Minai M, Sometani T (1998) Construction and perfrnmance test of precast concrete infills walls. Prestress Concr 40(4) 219-222 Teymur P, Yuksel E, Pala S (2008) Wet-mixed shobaete walls to retrofit low ductile RC frames. 

Steel) response levels. Accuracy of the presented modeling approaches were demonstrated via comparismi of the model predictions with test results conducted on reinforced concrete wall, column, and panel specimens. The modeling approaches presented are believed to be a significant improvement towards reaUstic representation of the nonlinear response of reinforced concrete walls and columns. ImplementatiOTi of the model formulations into a computational structural analysis platform will allow improved seismic response predictions for existing buildings, for obtaining more reliable performance assessment results and arriving at more informed decisions oti rehabilitation. 

Electrochemical rehabilitation methods for reinforced concrete structures - a state of the art report... 

In the last two decades, there has been an increasing effort to migrate reinforced polymer composites into the construction industry for structural load-bearing applications where they have established themselves as a viable and competitive alternative for rehabilitation and retrofit of existing civil structures, as a replacement for steel in reinforced concrete and, to a lesser extent, for entirely new civil structures. There are many reasons to consider fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites in civil engineering applications. This section is intended to provide a brief summary of these reasons along with the issues that have slowed down a widespread acceptance of these composites in the construction sector. 

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