Reinforced concrete building

Type I (Normal). This is the general purpose Pordand cement used for all appHcations where special properties are not needed. Common appHcations include concretes for paving, building doors, roof decks, reinforced concrete buildings, pipes, tanks, bridges, and other precast concrete products. In 1989 Type I and Type II accounted for over 92% of the Pordand cement produced in U.S. plants. Exact data are not available that separate Type I and Type II Pordand cement, but it can be assumed that Type I production was much greater than Type II. 

The primary failure mechanisms encountered in reinforced concrete buildings arc flexure, diagonal tension, and direct shear. Of these three mechanisms,. flexure is preferred under blast loading because an extended plastic response is provider prior to failure. To assure a ductile response, sections are designed so that the flexural capacity is less than the capacity of non-ductile mechanisms. 

Dcrccho 1974, Analysis and Design of Small Reinforced Concrete Buildings for Earthquake Forces, A. T. Derecho, D. M. Schultz and M. Fintel, Engineering Bulletin No. EB004.05D, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, IL, 1974... 

Portland Cement Association (PCA), 33 W. Grand St., Chicago, 111. Numerous publications on concrete can be obtained from these organizations. A few of the important concepts on plain and reinforced concrete will be discussed next with further information given in a subsequent section on reinforced concrete building structures. 

K. W. ). Treadaway, Corrosion Testing of Steels for Reinforced Concrete, Building Research Establishment, Garston, 1978, document 45/78. 

Building Research Institute. 1965. Niigata Earthquake and Damage to Reinforced Concrete Buildings in Niigata City, Report, Building Research Institute, Ministry of Construction, Vol. 42 (in Japanese). 

The East Asian Hall, depicted in Figure 3.23, is a 22-story 64.70 m reinforced concrete building. It has an L-shape floor layer with asymmetric spans of 51.90 m and 61.75 m. In contrast to... 

Stewart, M.G. Rosowsky, D.V 1996. System risk for multistorey reinforced concrete building constmetion. Probabilistic Mechanics and Structural Reliability. Proceedings, ASCE, New York 230-233. 

In an old reinforced concrete building, AE measurement was carried out in advance of rebuilding the house. A plan view of the two-story building is given in Fig. 13.1. Since the structure was old and not in service, the audible noises were readily observed due to the traffic load. At five locations circled in the figure, continuous monitoring was conducted for a week. To analyze AE data, two waveform parameters of the RA value and the averaged frequency stated in Chapter 4 were applied. 

Cellular corrosion of glass fibre reinforced concrete building elements is of concern in that it has a severe effect on the tensile strength of such elements. 

Having said that, we continue with a limited objective, one aimed at safety of reinforced concrete building structures having seven or fewer stories. The focus is on planning the structural-risk assessment to be done before the earthquake occurs. 

The Hassan Index has its flaws, but it can be used as a first filter in making decisions about which low-rise reinforced concrete buildings of a city inventory ought to be subjected to a detailed vulnerability assessment. 

Hassan AF, Sozen MA (1994) Seismic vulnerability assessment of low-rise buildings in regions with infrequent earthquakes. ACI Struct J 94 31-39 O Brien P et al (2011) Measures of the seismic vulnerability of reinforced concrete buildings in Haiti. Earthq Spectra 27(Sl) 373-386... 

ALT (1999) Architectural Institute of Japan. Design guideline for earthquake resistant reinforced concrete buildings based on inelastic displacement concept, Tokyo... 

Pantelides CP, Clyde C, Reaveley LD (2002) Performance-based evaluation of reinforced concrete building exterior joints for seismic excitatimi. Earthq Spectra 18(3) 449-480... 

Priestley MJN (1997) Displacement-based seismic assessment of reinforced concrete buildings. JEarthqEng 1 157-192... 

KANEPE (2012) Code for intervention in reinforced concrete buildings. Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (OASP), Athens... 

Pegon P, Molina FJ, Magonette G (2008) Continuous pseudo-dynamic testing at ELSA. In Saouma VE, Sivaselvan MV (eds) Hybrid simulation theory, implcanentation and applications. Taylor Francis/Balkema Publishers, London, pp 79-88 Shiohara H, Hosokawa Y, Nakamura T, Aoyama H (1984) Tests on the construction method of seismic rehabilitation of existing reinforced concrete buildings. In Proceedings, vol 6. Japan Concrete Institute, Tokyo, pp 405-408... 

In this study, the Nataf model (Ditlevsen Madsen 1996) was used to generate realizations of the random parameters 0. It requires specification of the marginal PDFs of the random parameters 0 and their correlation coefficients. It is therefore able to reproduce the given first- and second-order statistical moments of random parameters 0. The same three-dimensional three-story reinforced concrete building presented in Section 2.4, but on rigid supports, is considered as application example. Table 1 provides the marginal distributions and their statistical parameters for the material parameters modelled as correlated random variables. Other details on the modelling of the structure and the statistical correlation of the random parameters can be found in Barbato et al. (2006). 

Mata, R, Oiler, S., Barbat, A.H. Boroschek, R. 2008b. Computational models for the seismic response of reinforced concrete buildings with energy dissipating devices. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering, (DOI 10.1007/sll831-008-9024-z). 

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