Polymer-modified pastes

Development of semiflexible pavements, executed by grouting the voids of open-graded asphalt concrete with polymer-modified paste [35]... 

Development of polymer-modified cementitious membrane waterproofing systems using polymer-modified paste and mortar [68]... 

Development of strengthening (or retrofitting) methods by the troweling or shotcreting work of polymer-modified mortar and of exfoliation (or delamination) prevention methods by use of polymer-modified paste or mortar with fiber sheets for reinforced concrete structures [69-71]... 

Wide-ranging use of repair, restoration or rehabilitation systems using polymer-modified paste, mortar and concrete for deteriorated reinforced concrete structures [72-73]... 

Development of drainage pavements coated with polymer-modified paste containing photocatalyst to prevent air pollution [75]... 

Drainage pavements coated with polymer-modified paste containing photocatalyst (ana-tase-type titanium dioxide) (which effectively decompose car exhaust gases with nitrogen oxides on road surfaces by the action of the photocatalyst and prevent air pollution) Special semiflexible pavements with water retentivity, executed by grouting the voids of open-graded asphalt concrete with polymer-modified paste containing superabsorbent polymers to prevent a heat island phenomenon in urban areas... 

Y. Ohama Recent trends in research and development activities of polymer-modified paste, mortar and concrete in Japan, in Proceedings of the 6th Asian Symposium on Polymers in Concrete, Tongji University Press, Shanghai (2009), pp.3-9. 

Photocatalytic Pavements by Coating of Photocatalytic Polymer-Modified Pastes... 

Fig. 5.12 NO purification mechanism of photocatalytic pavements, executed by coating of photocatalytic polymer-modified pastes or slurries...

Fig. 5.13 Effects of UV lamp irradiation time and NO type on NO purification performance of photocatalytic polymer-modified paste or slurry coating...

Fig. 5.14 Coating equipment with a mixer and spray applicator for polymer-modified pastes or slurries on a truck (Courtesy of Taiheiyo Cement Corporation)...

Copolymer technology is progressing along two "fronts." First, new appHcations for copolymers are being found to increase the volume of materials that are already commercially available. One example of this is the rapid growth of styrenic block copolymers sold as asphalt (qv) and polymer modifiers over the past 10 years (Fig. 7). Another is the increased interest in graft and block copolymers as compatihilizers for polymer blends and alloys. Of particular interest are compatihilizers for recycled polymer scrap. 

Ferrocene modified flexible polymeric electron transfer systems Ferrocene and its derivatives are readily available and commonly used organometalUc redox mediators, so it is quite natural that they were selected first to synthesize mediator modified polymeric electron transfer systems. Siloxane pol5uners are flexible but aqueous insoluble pol3nmers. As previously indicated, a flexible polymer backbone allows close contact between the redox center(s) of the enzyme and the mediator, and the water insoluble property of the polymer prevents not only redox polymer from leaching into bulk media but also prevents enzyme diffusion away fi-om the electrode surface by entrapping it in the polymer/carbon paste matrix. Therefore, ferrocene and... 

Figure 4.51 Effect of polymer-cement ratio on adhesion in tension of bonded ordinary cement mortar to latex-modified paste-coated mortar substrates.

Polymer-modified or polymer cement mortar (PCM) and concrete (PCC) are a category of concrete-polymer composites which are made by partially replacing the cement hydrate binders of conventional cement mortar or concrete with polymers, i.e., polymeric admixtures or cement modifiers, thereby strengthening the binders with the polymers. Polymer-modified or polymer cement paste, which is prepared widiout any aggregate, is sometimes used. 

For the past seventy years or more, active research and development of polymer-modified mortar and concrete has been conducted around the world, resulting in products which are currently used as popular, important construction materials. To match the technical innovations in the construction industry in recent years, useful polymeric admixtures or polymer-modified mortar and concrete have been developed in advanced countries. There is currently great interest in using polymer-modified mortar and concrete as repair materials for deteriorated reinforced concrete structures. Polymer-modified concrete and mortar are promising construction materials for the future because of the good balance between their performance and cost compared to odier concrete-polymer composites. 

Sadeghi, S., Motaharian, A., and Moghaddam, A. Z. (2012). Electroanalytical determination of sulfasalazine in pharmaceutical and biological samples using molecularly imprinted polymer modified carbon paste electrode. Sens. Actuators B. 168, 336-344. 

The Past Achievements in Research and Development Activities of Polymer-Modified Mortar and Concrete. The past important achievements in the research and development activities of polymer-modified mortar and concrete are itemized as follows ... 

The paper describes the backscattered electron image analysis procedure, as well as the effects on thicloiess and composition of the ITZ and the cohesion and cracking of the bulk cement paste of water-soluble polymer-modified cement mortar. 

The cluster C-S-H gel becomes prominent after 12 hours but not the same as that after 6 hours in the control paste (Fig. 4 (g)) while fiber C-S-H gel appears in the SBR dispersion - or powder -modified pastes with few polymer particles among the cement hydrates (Fig. 4 (h) (i)), indicating most polymer particles coagulate together forming film structure. 

After 3 days, no outstanding difference exists between the SBR dispersion - or powder -modified pastes and the control paste except due to a thin polymer film on the surface [6]. The structure of both the modified and control pastes develops stably and becomes more and more compact with time. 

Abstract The article is focused on the observation of usable possibilities of waste polystyrene that is created during foundry production and that could be used for production of cellular construction material. Thanks to its granulometry this kind of waste polystyrene is very suitable for use in the fine-soft Polymer-Modified Mortars (PMM), for example in the paste and gluing materials determined for ETICS (External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems). The mixtures for waste polystyrene application feature the required cellular light property, they conform to the requirements on the solidity and adhesiveness and conform also to the tension tests for the reinforcing layer. 

This chapter describes progress in the application of polymer-modified electrodes (PMEs) to voltammetric chemical sensing. Several excellent reviews on the general preparation, properties, theory, and applications of modified electrodes have appeared over the past decade. Literature surveys and reviews of advances in the field of chemical sensors and electroanalysis " are also available. The area of polymeric potentiometric electrodes and the vast research field of biosensors are not dealt with in this chapter, which introduces the reader to selected representative examples of the diverse modification strategies available for prepar-... 

Lignin is part of the composition of natural polymers in variable proportions. The aromatic structure of the lignin can be used as source of several phenolic products, which may substitute petroleum-based compounds. Bio-based composites have gained prominence over the past two decades owing to both environmental concerns and waste disposal problems. Lignin-based biomaterials include carbon fibers, polymer modifiers, resin/adhesives/binders and others. 

Chen, Z., Tang, C., Zeng, Y, Liu, H., Yin, Z., and Li, L. (2014) Determination of bisphenol A using an electrochemical sensor based on a molecularly imprinted polymer-modified mul-tiwalled carbon nanotube paste electrode. Anal. Lett, 47, 996-1014. 

As an example, BRG Townsend says that in 2001 polymer modifiers took 70% market share by volume and 52% by value, while extenders took 23% market share by volume and 52% by value. BRG Townsend has reported its findings at Rapra s Addcon World conferences over the past decade. 

In practice, relatively few analytical techniques make use of polymer-modified electrodes because of the mechanical instability of the films, and difficulty in regenerating the films either conveniently or reproducibly. Disposable modified electrodes provide one way around this problem. Also, the considerable knowledge gained so far with films is applicable to the renewable modified carbon paste and composite electrodes described in a later section. 

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