Reinforced concrete bridges

Carbon fiber introduction into commercial markets happened in the mid-1960s and since then their application has increased substantially. Some of these applications include airplanes, spacecraft parts, compressed gas tanks, automotive parts, bridges, reinforced concrete, structural reinforcement, recreational sports equipment, and electrochemical systems [6,7]. 

Type I (Normal). This is the general purpose Pordand cement used for all appHcations where special properties are not needed. Common appHcations include concretes for paving, building doors, roof decks, reinforced concrete buildings, pipes, tanks, bridges, and other precast concrete products. In 1989 Type I and Type II accounted for over 92% of the Pordand cement produced in U.S. plants. Exact data are not available that separate Type I and Type II Pordand cement, but it can be assumed that Type I production was much greater than Type II. 

Fig. 1.6. The reinforced concrete footbridge in Garret Hostel Lane. An inscription carved nearby reads This bridge was given in 1 960 by the Trusted family members of Trinity Hall. It was designed by Timothy Guy MORGAN an undergraduate of Jesus College who died in that year. ...

Stray current effects with reinforced concrete are not likely from the usual causes, but are possible with roadways and bridges over which dc railways pass. In... 

D. Whiting u. D. Stark, Cathodic Protection for Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks B Field Evaluation, Final Report, Construction Technology Laboratories, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, Illinois, NCHRP 12-13A (1981). 

Anderson, G. H., Proc. Conf. on Cathodic Protection of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks, NACE, Houston (1985)... 

Anderson, G., Cathodic Protection of a Reinforced Concrete Bridge Deck , American Concrete Institute Convention (1979)... 

Latex-modified mortars and concretes have become promising materials for preventing chloride-induced corrosion and for repairing damaged reinforced concrete structures. In Japan and the USA, latex-modified mortar is widely used as a construction material in bridge deck overlays and patching compounds, and for finishing and repairs [99]. Polymer-cement hydrate-... 

Figure 13.6 This bridge in Brazil uses reinforced concrete.

Galvanized-steel rebars can be used as a preventative measure to control corrosion in reinforced concrete structures exposed to carbonation or mild contamination with chlorides, such as chimneys, bridge substructures, tunnels and coastal buildings. 

B. Elsener, Condition evaluation of reinforced concrete bridges - The benefits of potential mapping , in Proc. Int. Conf Structural Faults e[ Repair, London, Vol. 1, 47,... 

Cathodic protection of reinforced-concrete structures exposed to the atmosphere was apphed for the first time to bridge decks contaminated by de-icing salts by R. F. StratfuU in California in 1973 [1,2]. In the years following, design and protection criteria were elaborated, as well as power supply and monitoring systems completely different from those used for cathodic protection of buried steel structures or structures operating in seawater. Above all, it was proved that cathodic protection was a rehable repair technique even in the presence of high chloride contents, where traditional systems of rehabilitation are inefficient or very costly. 

R. F. Stratfull, The corrosion of steel in a reinforced concrete bridge , Corrosion, 1957, 13, 173t. 

Bridge decks, parking structures, and other reinforced concrete structures lend themselves to cathodic protection, particularly when the concrete is contaminated with cathodic chlorides from deicing salts or a marine environment. Special techniques are required as described by Rog and Swait [71] NACE [72, 73] and Morgan [74]. 

Most of these bridges are relatively new, and the overall economic impact is not as significant as for conventional reinforced concrete bridges. It is estimated that the... 

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