Condition survey

Third European Working Conditions Survey on Working Conditions, Data Physical Environment, European Working Conditions Observatory, Dublin, Ireland, 2000. http //www.eurofound.eu.int/working/3wc/3wcindex 2.htm. 

E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Engineering Department, Design Division, May 9, 1960, Feasibility of Air Conditioning Winterthur Museum W.R. 425560 , prepared by M. G. Kershaw, filed in Winterthur Archives, Charles Montgomery Papers, Box 563, Air-Conditioning Survey . 

European Foundation for the Inq>rovement of Living and Working Comlitions (2001) ThM European Working Conditions Survey, Luxembourg Office for Official Publications of the European Community... 

Average results of condition surveys of olgects containing plastics in UK museums. 

The potential of the corroding surface can be monitored periodically by means of a reference electrode. One such example is the corrosion potential measurement of reinforced steel rebar in concrete structures. Corrosion of the steel in reinforced concrete is a major factor in the deterioration of highway and bridge infrastructure. A survey of the condition ofa reinforced concrete structure is the first step toward its rehabilitation. A rapid, cost-effective, and nondestructive condition survey offers key information to evaluate the corrosion, aids in quality assurance of concrete repair and rehabilitation. 

Graner and della Rocca [83] conducted a condition survey of 74 US Navy boats of 21 different classes from 5-15 years old (the median hull, fabricated in 1958, was 10 years old). Defects were classified into 17 categories, most of which were the result of impact damage or abuse. The laminates were generally in excellent condition, regardless of the age of the boats, with material degradation limited to minor, surface skin delaminations, skin/ core separation in sandwich panels and deterioration of the paper honey-... 

The effective thickness procedure is a thickness deficiency approach on the basis of the physical condition of the pavement structure, determined by conditional survey, and the thickness and composition of the pavement layers. 

The functional evaluation of the existing pavement is based on condition surveys for certain distress types and severities, depending on the overlay selected. 

The functional evaluation of pavements is carried out by visual condition surveys or purposely built mobile devices. 

The visual condition survey, also known as distress survey, is the first step to functional evaluation of the pavement and perhaps the most useful of all types of surveys. In some cases, it is a stand-alone procedure for decision making. 

The visual condition survey of pavements consists of (a) recording of pavement distresses, (b) pavement rating and (c) detailed presentation of pavement condition. 

Visual condition surveys require the use of GPS facility and the use of survey forms and distress identification manual. Table 16.1 provides some details on the type of distresses to be recorded during a visual condition survey of flexible pavements carried out by the Highway Engineering Laboratory of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh). 

Other rating methods for determining pavement condition based on visual condition surveys have also been developed and reported (Chong et al. 1977 Nikolaides et al. 1992 Swiss Road Standards 1989-1992). The methods basically use coefficients of severity, frequency of distress occurrence and weighted coefficients in terms of risk hazard per type of distress. 

The determination of PSI using the above equations provided the ability to quantify more objectively the pavement condition from condition surveys. Many organisations in the United States and in other countries have adopted the PSI approach for periodical evaluation of the pavement condition (road network) aiming to prioritise and organise maintenance and rehabilitation works. Others have modified the PSI equations according to their own findings and needs, for example, inclusion of International Roughness Index (IRI) measurements (Hernan de Solminihac et al. 2003). 

The functional evaluation of the pavement is usually carried out by a visual condition survey, coring and the use of necessary devices measuring surface characteristics such as... 

Pavement condition is assessed by pavement condition surveys carried out visually or by the use of appropriate static or mobile devices, measuring functional and structural pavement properties. 

The results of pavement condition surveys are expressed in terms of condition indices. The techniques and means of measuring functional and structural condition of a pavement are discussed in Chapter 15. 

The above approach, assisted by pavement condition surveys, has been successfully used by the author for the development of PMSs on the project level one project was 112 km long and another project was 230 km long (Nikolaides 2008, 2010). 

Carry out a condition survey of existing structure, with particular attention to foimdation conditions, undermining or scour and impact/collision damage. 

Condition survey can be achieved indirectly only by monitoring the change of a condition and by drawing conclusions hereof afterwards. 

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