Regulating authorities

Fig. 3. Synthetic plant growth regulators authorized for use in the United States and elsewhere. See Table 2.

ENVIRONMENT AGENCY Tile Environment Agency provides a comprehensive approach to the protection and management of the environment by combining the regulation of land, air and water. Its creation is a major and positive step, merging the expertise of the National Rivers Authority, Her Majesty s Inspectorate of Pollution, the Waste Regulation Authorities and several smaller units from the Department of the Environment. 

Federal assistance may be provided to state and local authorities in enforcing their quarantine and other health regulations pursuant to section 311 of the Public Health Service Act. (42 U.S.C. 243(a)). In addition, CDC s quarantine regulations authorized Federal intervention in the event of inadequate local control. (Please refer to 42 CFR 70.2, and 21 CFR 1240.30)... 

Both the Sixth Amendment and several national premarket laws and regulations authorize individual Member States to (1) contest companies claims that certain data (in the Annex VII base set) are not necessary or are not technologically possible (2) to require the development of additional information and data and (3) to impose production or use restrictions pending the development of such additional data. Further, EEC countries may act without having to follow many of the procedures that TSCA imposes upon EPA, and the findings necessary to take these actions appear to be less stringent than TSCA requires of the Agency. 

E. Regulatory Toxicology These aspects, concerned with the formulation of laws, and regulations authorized by laws, are intended to minimize the effect of toxic chemicals on human health and the environment. 

Before the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997, companies could not use a health claim or nutrient-content claim in food labeling unless the FDA published a regulation authorizing such a claim. Two new provisions of FDAMA now permit distributors and manufacturers to use such claims if they are based on current published authoritative statements from certain federal scientific bodies, or from the National Academy of Sciences. These provisions are intended to expedite the process by which the scientific basis for such claims is established, and they place dietary supplements on an equal footing with conventional foods. 

The Food and Drugs Act and Regulations authorize Flealth Canada to regulate the safety, efficacy, and quality of therapeutic products. The stages and... 

The release of a new drug onto the market must be approved by the regulating authority for that country. For example, in Britain this is the Medicines Control Agency (MCA), in the European Union it is the European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA) and in the USA the US Food and Drugs Administration (FDA). These bodies, which are essentially consumer protection agencies, issue a so called product licence or marketing authority (MA) when they are satisfied... 

The mentioned differences between the US, EEC and Japanese guidelines are only the major ones. Other differences concern the definition of organogenesis periods and the related treatment periods for the different species, as well as the type of recommended investigations. Depending on the regulating authority (e.g. for human or veterinary products) test recommendations can even vary within one country. 

In this equation, if / " is multiplied by t, and if I is expressed as the concentration of the disinfectant C in mg/L, the equation is the famous Ct concept with m equal to 1 and t in minutes. Ct values at given temperatures and pH are tabulated in Ct tables used by regulating authorities and by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The time to kill t is synonymous with the time of inactivation of the microorganisms. 

Authorized limits are limits specified by the regulating authority for a specific practice or source. In setting limits the authority must consider the requirements of radiation protection and individual dose limitation. The authorized limits will not exceed the upper bound. For practical reasons limits for releases of radioactive effluents to the environment are expressed as limits of releases over a specified period. 

In Australia, the most commonly utilized and accessible information sources about prescription drugs are based on a drug s Product Information, the document approved by Australia s drug regulation authority, the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 

The Water Resources Act (WRA) 1991 provides for the regulating authority, the Environment Agency in England and Wales, to issue consents that include information on the composition of the discharge, volume, concentration and total amount of substances that can be released. Conditions vary on the use of the receiving watercourse but must ensure no deterioration in water quality. Registers of information are kept and are freely available to the public. The Water Industry Act... 

Reports from electronic scientific documents require predefined headers and footers to be included that show the same administrative data (e.g., author, date, time, project) and signature information as with hardbound paper notebooks. If document reports are required for submission to regulative authorities like the FDA, these headers and footers are predefined in the system and are automatically included in a report without user interaction a scientist is then also not allowed to change this information. 

Explores the benefits and potential obstacles for academics who develop ecological models as well as the industry and regulator) authorities who use the models... 

In addition to all of the problems that determine whether the injected mixture of C02 and surfactant solution can perform and survive as a foam in the reservoir rock, the operator of the oil field must design the procedures for injection and other operations in an advantageous way, so that profitability and oil recovery will be maximized. In this pairing of objectives, the oil field s leaseholders and owners are naturally more interested in the best return on their investment than, for instance, in the eventual total recovery. The latter objective, concerned with the overall recovery efficiency, should be the first consideration of the regulating authority. These operational problems entail new factors that transcend those encountered in the laboratory. From the point of view of the operator, the most important considerations are cost and availability of the additional supplies and materials needed, and whether the expected increase in oil production will be more than enough to pay for them. 

The FDA has adopted regulations authorizing the use of investigational new drugs in certain circumstances where a patient has not responded to approved therapies. This treatment use of unapproved new drugs is not limited to life-threatening emergency situations, but rather is also available to treat serious diseases or conditions. 

This type of incident is specific to fast reactors and justifies them being placed in a separate category. It will be observed that the risk involved in sodium fires motivated the regulating authority to demand, specifically after the Almeria accident, that a sprayed sodium fire resulting from a complete and sudden rupture of a main secondary pipe be taken account of. 

LWRA (London Waste Regulation Authority) (1995) Today s Waste, Tomorrow s Resources - The Waste Management Plan for Greater London 1995 -2015 (Draft Document). LWRA, London. 

Generally, placards are required for any quantity of a hazardous material and they must be displayed on each side and each end of the package or transport vehicle. However, the regulations authorize the following exceptions ... 

Increased awareness from consumers and producers has resulted in calls for more responsible and sustainable aquaculture. Public opinion and regulation authorities in most export countries focus now on the misuse of antibiotics in aquaculture, and public attention has focussed on alternative production methods (Verbeeke, 2001 Feedinfo, 2005). Furthermore, the EU has banned all antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) from livestock production since January 2006, as the use of low level AGPs in animal feeds carries the possibility of resistance transfer from the bacterial community to species that are pathogenic in humans (Liem, 2004). 

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) regulation authorizing refusal to hire an individual because his performance on the job would endanger his own health owing to a disability did not exceed the scope of permissible rulemaking under Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, 2 et seq., 42 U.S.C.A 12101 et seq. 29 C.F.R. 1630.15(b)(2). 

Criteria of non-combustibility are by no means settled by this standard they are determined by the regulating authorities of the particular countries. A rating... 

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