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Refinery industry hazards

This chapter will review basics on the hazards of water and steam within the chemical and petroleum refinery industries. To the youthful, this chapter can be instructive with its eye-opening reality of fundamentals. To more seasoned individuals these case histories can serve as a reminder of the potential hazards of water and steam through vivid examples that were costly in disappointments, dollars, professional reputation, and injuries. [Pg.57]

Petrochemical recovered oil. Organic chemical manufacturing facilities sometimes recover oil from their organic chemical industry operations. U.S. EPA excluded petrochemical recovered oil from the definition of solid waste when the facility inserts the material into the petroleum-refining process of an associated or adjacent petroleum refinery. Only petrochemical recovered oil that is hazardous because it exhibits the characteristic of ignitability or exhibits the toxicity characteristic for benzene (or both) is eligible for the exclusion. [Pg.494]

Pyrrolidones fit well into the bio-refinery concept since they may be produced in a scheme beginning with the fermentation of a portion of the bio-refineiy s sugar product into succinate. Pyrrolidones are a class of industrially important chemicals with a variety of uses including polymer intermediates, cleaners, and green solvents which can replace hazardous chlorinated compounds. [Pg.145]

Cyanide compounds are useful to society in terms of their key role in synthetic and industrial processes, for certain fumigation and agricultural uses, and for some therapeutic applications (Ballantyne and Marrs 1987). Cyanides are present in effluents from iron and steel processing plants, petroleum refineries, and metal-plating plants, and constitute a hazard to aquatic ecosystems in certain waste-receiving waters (Smith et al. 1979) and to livestock (USEPA 1980 Towill et al. 1978). Cyanide serves no useful purpose in the human body, yet it is present in our food, air, and water (Becker 1985). [Pg.907]

Chemical and hazardous materials industry infrastructure includes substantial facility and equipment investment it is highly capital intensive. Most chemical industry facilities contain very specialized process equipment that would be difficult to replace quickly. A good example is an oil refinery plant, where if the cracking facilities were destroyed they could not be replaced anytime soon. It is interesting to note that some chemical industry facilities (e.g., oil refineries) require large amounts of land (have a large footprint) but are typically staffed with few employees relative to on-site land requirements. [Pg.44]

Petroleum refining is one of the largest industries in the United States, and potential environmental hazards associated with refineries have caused increased concern for coimnunities in close proximity to them. This update provides a general overview of the processes involved and some of the potential environmental hazards associated with petroleum refineries (see also Chapter 3). [Pg.131]

The Microtox test has been used for determination of toxicity of wastewater effluents, complex industrial wastes (oil refineries, pulp and paper), fossil fuel process water, sediments extracts, sanitary landfill, and hazard waste leachates [19]. [Pg.31]

Bryant, J.S. Moores, C.W. Disposal of hazardous wastes from petroleum refineries. Proceedings, 45th Purdue Industrial Waste Conference, West Lafayette, IN, 1990 Lewis Publishers, Inc. [Pg.304]

Wong, J.M. Hazardous waste minimization (SB 14) in California petroleum refineries. Proceedings of 50th Purdue Industrial Waste Conference, Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, MI, 1993. [Pg.304]

PACT can be applied to municipal and industrial waste waters as well as to groundwater and leachates containing hazardous pollutants. PACT has successfully treated various industrial wastewaters, including chemical plant, dye production, pharmaceutical, refinery, and synthetic fuel wastewaters. [Pg.1083]

Identification of Piping Systems, American National Standards Institute, New York, A13.1,1981 Chemical Plant and Refinery Piping, B31.3,1990 Precautionary Labeling of Hazardous Industrial Chemicals, Z129.1,1988. [Pg.105]

Phenol and its compounds are ubiquitous water pollutants that are present in the effluents of a variety of chemical industries such as coal refineries, phenol manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, and industries of resin, paint, dyeing, textile, leather, petrochemical, pulp mill, etc. [9]. Phenols are known to be toxic and also, some of them, hazardous carcinogenic that can accumulate in the food chain. Phenolic compounds are a public health risk and they are heavily regulated in many countries, and must be removed from wastewater before they are discharged into the environment [10], For example, a 10 days consumption of polluted water with low concentrations (3 ppm) of 2,4-dichlorophenol can cause vomiting, paralysis, and even death in children [11, 12]. Phenol, 2-chlorophenol, and 2,4-dichlorophenol are ranked within the 250 most hazardous pollutants [13]. In addition, chlorophenols are commonly found in chlorinated water, since phenol can react with chlorine [14],... [Pg.182]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.57 ]




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