Recording hardware

Project Quality Plan Software Quality Assurance Program Functional Design Specification Hardware Design Specification Software Design Specification Software Module Design Specification Software Review Software Module Test Records Hardware Test Records Integration Test Records Instrument Spccs/Data Sheets Instrument Calibration Records Material Certificates... 

Hard and floppy disks differ only in the range of components available within a standard unit. Hard disks, composed of a spindle of disks and a mz netic read-write apparatus, are typically located inside a metal case. Floppy disks, on the other hand, were packaged as a single or dual-density magnetic disk (separate from the read-write apparatus that encodes them) inside a plastic cover. Floppy disks, because they do not contain recording hardware, were intended to he more portable (and less fragile) than hard disks—a trait that made them extremely popular for home-computer users. 

The system should support all the inspection types available in the PSP-3 P-scan, T-scan and Through Transmission, TOFD and A-scan. It should be possible to record data for all the inspection types simultaneously. The developments in computer hardware, in particular disk storage, during the last years have made it feasable to increase the emphasis on the A-scan recording modes. It has also been feasible to extend the P-scan format to include P-scan image storage in a full 3D format, that allows cross-section views to be generated off-line. 

Where test software or comparative references such as test hardware are used as suitable forms of inspection, the standard requires that they be checked to prove that thep are capable of verifying the acceptabilify of product prior to release for use during production, installation, and servicing and shall be rechecked at prescribed intervals. The standard also requires the supplier to establish the extent and frequency of such checks and to maintain records as evidence of control. 

Verification records for test hardware and test software (clause 4.11.1.1) Calibration records (clauses 4.11.2 and 4.11.3)... 

The component hardware data were well-based because they are derived from 22 years of records. It is also useful because of the structure and depth of the presentation for example, the Inclusion of data on pumps in different systems (emergency feedwater, condensate, service water). 

Pure paper-based data collection systems are most suitable for small and short-term studies. Their advantages are that no computer hardware or software is needed at the participating sites because data are recorded manually on paper forms that are transferred to the centralized location in batches. A major drawback is that participating sites do not have real-time access to their data because no database is created locally. However, both hardware and software are needed at the centralized location for the data management system. The type of hardware and software used is determined by the configuration of the centralized computer. The most commonly used platforms include Open VMS, Unix, or PC, and one of the most widely used software packages is SAS [16]. 

Electronic-based data collection and management systems rely heavily on computer hardware and software at both the participating sites and the coordinating centers. The hallmark of the electronic-based data collection and management systems is the elimination of paper data collection forms. Instead of recording data on paper forms, data collectors enter data directly into a computer system where an electronic data record is generated for each form. The method of data transfer to the central location depends on the type of the electronic-based data collection and management system. 

Although computer equipment is used differently to other field equipment, raw data are being generated consequently, maintenance records are required. All maintenance and repairs to the computer system need to be recorded. For example, software and hardware maintenance records would include system/program updates, disk scans, and defragmentation (e.g., preventative maintenance). Repair records might include communication with the software developer about problems/bugs and steps taken to fix any software or hardware problems. Documentation must include whether the... 

Computers. A certain number of personal computers are necessary for report generation and regulatory submission preparation. In addition, these may be useful for record keeping, depending on the type of stability information system that the company chooses to use. Alternatively, if the information system is intended to be accessible (read only) to many users, it may be more efficient to develop a local area network of mini-computers. The size of the database will help determine the nature of the software/hardware configuration used for this function. 

Instruments are controlled by information contained 1n the experimental setup file. For each type of instrument (shear history simulator, rotational viscometer, reciprocating capillary viscometer), the hardware 1s controlled so that the parameters of shear rate, temperature and time comply with the desired test conditions. This involves controlling devices such as pumps, bath heaters, valves and variable-speed motors. The setup and control parameters are recorded in the experiment file along with the resulting measured data. If necessary, the experiment can easily be repeated. 

A viable real-time recording disk medium was developed in the mid 1980s, which became known as WORM (Write Once Read Many). However, there was no common standard for the medium, hence media produced by different manufacturers were incompatible, each requiring its own unique hardware. It is therefore not surprising that growth in this area was restricted and prices remained high.196 This is in direct contrast to the industry-wide standards which helped lead to the successful introduction of CD technology. 

The computerized systems, both hardware and software, that form part of the GLP study should comply with the requirements of the principles of GLP. This relates to the development, validation, operation and maintenance of the system. Validation means that tests have been carried out to demonstrate that the system is fit for its intended purpose. Like any other validation, this will be the use of objective evidence to confirm that the pre-set requirements for the system have been met. There will be a number of different types of computer system, ranging from personal computers and programmable analytical instruments to a laboratory information management system (LIMS). The extent of validation depends on the impact the system has on product quality, safety and record integrity. A risk-based approach can be used to assess the extent of validation required, focusing effort on critical areas. A computerized analytical system in a QC laboratory requires full validation (equipment qualification) with clear boundaries set on its range of operation because this has a high... 

Object includes not only individual programming-language objects but also software components, programs, networks, relations, and records as well as hardware, people, and organizations—anything that presents a definable encapsulated behavior to the world around it or can be usefully thought of as such. 

Protocol analysis. Protocol analysis is the process of capturing, decoding, and interpreting electronic traffic. The protocol analysis method of network intrusion detection involves the analysis of data captured during transactions between two or more systems or devices, and the evaluation of these data to identify unusual activity and potential problems. Once a problem is isolated and recorded, problems or potential threats can be linked to pieces of hardware or software. Sophisticated protocol analysis will also provide statistics and trend information on the captured traffic. 

There has been a real revolution in instrumentation hardware in the last several decades. Twenty years ago, most control hardware was mechanical and pneumatic (using instrument air pressure to drive gadgets and for control signals). Tubing had to be run back and forth between the process equipment and the control room. Signals were recorded on strip-chart paper recorders. 

The signals were recorded as electrical potential in millivolts. The well known Maxwell s formula and an adjustable empirical coefficients were used to obtain the equivalent volume fraction of liquid [43]. Since it is known that kinematic waves exist only in the frequency of some few Hertz, hardware low pass filter with 20 Hz cutting frequency was included for each channel in the electronic unit. The filter was tuned at 82.66 Db. Data were acquired by a computer at 100 Hz. The following comments regarding the above apparatus description are in order ... 

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