Rat ovaries

Byers M, Kuiper GGJM, Gustaffsson J-A, Park-Sarge O-K (1997) Estrogen receptor-mRNA expression in rat ovary down regulation by gonadotropins. Mol Endocrinol 11 172-182... 

Hiroi H, Inoue S, Watanabe T, Goto W, Orimo A, Momoeda M, Tsutsumi O, Taketani Y, Muramatsu M (1999) Differential immunolocalization of estrogen receptor a and (S in rat ovary and uterus. J Mol Endocrinol 22 34-44... 

He J, Chen JF, Liu R et al (2006) Fenvalerate-induced alterations in calcium homeostasis in rat ovary. Biomed Environ Sci 19 15-20... 

Payne DW, Shackleton C, Toms H, Ben-Shlomo I, Kol S, et al. 1995. A novel nonhepatic hydroxycholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase that is markedly stimulated by interleukin-1 beta. Characterization in the immature rat ovary. J Biol... 

Mechanistic study ofaromatase (cytochrome P450 CYP19) in rat ovary and human placenta with the use of [1a,2a-3H]androstenedione and [ip,2p-3H]androstenedione 485... 

While estrus cycle data on rats appeared to be negative, there were significant dose-related reductions in plasma progesterone levels on 36-week diets containing 75 to 150 ppm Aroclor 1242. Rat ovaries showed characteristic changes in stromal cells and reduced follicle numbers. 

Further work on the enzymes of the early stages of terpenoid biosynthesis continues. Mevalonic kinase (EC 2.7.1.36) from hog liver has been shownto have a molecular weight of about 98 000 and to react first with mevalonic acid, then with magnesium and ATP, to release first the 5-phosphate and then ADP. The corresponding kinase from rat.ovary seems to differ from the liver enzyme. Mevalonic kinase was found to be present in many tissues of an insect larva. 

Quignot N, Tournier M, Pouech C, Cren-Olive C, Barouki R, Lemazurier E (2012) Quantification of steroids and endocrine disrupting chemicals in rat ovaries by LC-MS/MS for reproductive toxicology assessment. Anal Bioanal Chem 403 1629-1640. doi 10.1007/ s00216-012-5990-y... 

Billig, H., I. Furuta and A.J.W. Hsueh. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone directly induces apoptotic cell death in the rat ovary biochemical and in situ detection of deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation in granulosa cells. Endocrinology 134 245-252, 1994. 

Kim, J.-M., D.L. Boone, A. Auyeung and B.K. Tsang. Granulosa cell apoptosis induced at the penultimate stage of follicular development is associated with increased levels of Fas and Fas ligand in the rat ovary. Biol. Reprod. 58 1170-1176, 1998. 

Faletti A, Vagina JM, Gimeno MA. Beta-endorphin inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in rat ovaries and blocks induced ovulation. Prostaglandins 1995 49 93-103. 

One of the first papers on the potential role of NO in the ovary demonstrated that cells dispersed from immature rat ovaries synthesized NO in response to IL-ip (Ellman et al., 1993). As IL-lp is known to play a significant role in the ovulatory process (Kol and Adashi, 1995) and has been shown in other cells to transcriptionally induce iNOS (Perrella et al., 1994 Kunzet al., 1994), these authors speculated that ILl p-induced NO functioned as a cytotoxic agent in the rupture of the follicular wall during ovulation (Figure 2). Several investigators have shown that NO mediates several but not all of IL-1 P s functions in the ovulatory process (Ben-Shlomo... 

Ahsan, S.,Lacey, M. and Whitehead, S.A. (1997). Interactions between interleukin-113, nitric oxide, and prostaglandin Ej in the rat ovary effects on steroidogenesis. Eur. J. Endocrinol. /J7 293-300. Anteby, E.Y., Hurwitz, A. Korach, O., Revel, A., Simon, A., Finci-Yeheskel, Z., Mayer, M., and Laufer, N. (1996). Human follicular nitric oxide pathway Relationship to follicular size, oestradiol, concentrations and ovarian blood flow. Human Reproduction 77 1947-1951. 

Ben-Shlomo, I., Kokia, E., Jackson, M.J., Adashi, E.Y., and Payne, D.W. (1994) Interleukin -ip stimulates nitrite production in the rat ovary Evidence for heterologous cell-cell interaction and for insulin-mediated regulation of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase. Biol.Reprod. 57 310-318. 

Jablonka-Shariff, A. and Olson, L.M. (1997b). Hormonal regulation of nitric oxide synthases and their cell-specific expression during follicular development in the rat ovary. Endocrinology 75(8 460-468. 

Matsumi, H., Yano, T., Koji, T., Ogura, T., Tsutsumi, O., Taketani, Y., and Esumi, H. (1998). Expression and localization of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the rat ovary A possible involvement of nitric oxide in the follicular development. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 243 61-12. 

Zackrisson, U., Mikuni, M., Wallin, A., Delbro, D., Hedin, L., and Brannstrom, M. (1996). Cell-specific localization of nitric oxide synthases (NOS) in the rat ovary during follicular development, ovulation and luteal formation. Hum. Reprod. 77 2667-2673. 

Fenarimol is thus a relatively weak inhibitor of aromatase in vitro. Consequently, a series of 5-substituted pyrimidine derivatives have been evaluated as aromatase inhibitors [134]. The most effective inhibitors were diarylpyrimidine methanols and diarylpyrimidine methanes containing electron-withdrawing substituents, especially chlorine atoms, at positions 4- and 4. The most potent, a-(4-chlorophenyl)-a-(4 -chlorophenyl)-5-pyrimidine-methane (5-[bis-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]pyrimidine, LY56110, had an fC5o value of 55 nM in PMSG-treated rat ovaries [134]. This compound therefore appears to be a potentially useful aromatase inhibitor, but few other details have been published to date. 

Paksy K, Oiajos F, Toth BF, Nahay M, Tatrail F and Huszar L (1999) Uptake and distribution of cobalt in rat ovaries and pituitary acute ffects of cobalt on preovulatory luteinizing hormone, foUide stimulating hormone, prolactin and progesterone levels, and on ovulation in rats. CFJOFM 5 313 — 323. 

Tilly, J.L., Tilly, K.I., Kenton, M.L. and Johnson, A.L. (1995) Expression of members of the bcl-2 gene family in the immature rat ovary equine chorionic gonadotropin-mediated inhibition of granulosa cell apoptosis is associated with decreased bax and constitutive bcl-2 and bcl-xlong messenger ribonucleic acid levels. Endocrinology 136 232-... 

Immature rat ovary has been shown to express mRNA and to contain NGF protein levels comparable to those found in other sympathetically innervated tissues (Lara et al., 1990). Surgical denervation of this organ resulted in a 50% increase in NGF protein levels, but unaltered mRNA " levels. However, only limited measurements of rnRHA " levels were performed in this preliminary study. 

Lara, H.E.. Hill, D., Katz, K.H. and Ojeda, S.R. (1990) The gene encoding nerve growth factor is expressed in the immature rat ovary effect of denervation and hormonal treatment. Endocrinology 126 357-363. 

Swinney, D.C., D.M. Watson, and O.Y. So (1993). Accumulation of intermediates and isotopically sensitive enolization distinguish between aromatase (cytochrome P450 CYP19) from rat ovary and human placenta. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 305, 61-67. 

Yamashita, C., Y. Aoyama, M. Noshiro, and Y. Yoshida (2001). Gonadotropin-dependent expression of sterol 14-demethylase P450 (CYP51) in rat ovaries and its contribution to the production of a meiosis-activating steroid. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 130, 849-856. 

C T, Garbern J. and Wu J -Y. (1982a) Light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical localization of clathnn in rat cerebellum and kidney / Histochem Cytochem 30, 853-863 C T, Mukai K., and Lee C Y (1982b) Electron microscopic immunocytochemical studies of hCG binding and endocytosis in rat ovary Cell Tissue Res, 224, 647-653... 

Wiebe, J.P., K.J. Barr, and K.D. Buckingham. 1988. Effect of prenatal and neonatal exposure to lead on gonadotropin receptors and steroidogenesis in rat ovaries. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 24(4) 461-476. 

FOX03a is involved in the apoptosis of naked oocytes and oocytes of primordial follicles from neonatal rat ovaries. Biochem Biophys Res Commim 381(4) 722-727. 

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