Nitrite production

The kinetics of these reactions markedly favor sodium nitrite production. If some sodium nitrate is formed, it can be easily separated by differential crystallization. Otherwise, sodium nitrate can be formed by treating sodium nitrite with nitric acid ... 

Sodium nitrite. Product brochure, QsCllCl, General Chemical Corp., Parsippany, N.J., 1989. 

Lighter fluid Nitrite products sold by sex High-pressured... 

J. T. Sears, R. Muller, and M. A. Reinsel. Inhibition of sulfate-reducing bacteria via nitrite production. Patent WO 9612867, 1996. 

Generally, ammonia oxidation is slower than nitrite oxidation and, therefore, no nitrite production is observed. However, when the amount of carbon source available in the effluent is not high enough to complete the denitrification process (low COD/N ratio), the addition of external organic matter is... 

Groeneveld and colleagues [119] have shown that serum nitrate concentrations are higher in symptom-free HIV-1-infected patients than in healthy individuals. NO production was measured in vitro from peripheral blood leucocytes of HIV-1-infected patients after measuring nitrite concentrations from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and polymorphonuclear leucocytes [120, 121]. An increase in nitrite production in AIDS patients, especially in those with opportunistic infections, was also seen. 

Sodium ferrate, in sodium nitrite production, 22 855 Sodium ferrite, 14 543 Sodium fluoride, 22 825, 8 340 Sodium fluoroborate manufacture, 4 155 physical properties of, 4 152t thermodynamic properties of, 4 154t uses of, 4 156... 

Antitoxic effect. Sesame oil, adiministered to male Wistar rats, ameliorated hepatic and renal damage in a dose-dependent manner and increased survival in lipopolysaccha-ride-treated rats. It decreased lipid peroxide concentration in serum but not in liver and kidney. Serum nitrite production was unaffected by sesame oil ingestion, and the activity of xanthine oxidase was reduced in the lipopolysaccharide-challenged rats k Anti-tumor activity. Water extract of the dried seed, administered intragastrically to mice at a dose of 50 mg/animal daily for 5 days, was active on CA-Ehrlich-ascites, 18% increase in life-span. Intraperitoneal administration was active on Dalton s lyphoma and CA-Ehrlich-ascites, 19 and 39% increase in life-span, respectively ". Seed oil, administered to rats intraperito-neally with 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene or re-tene, was active on sarcoma ". 

If jS-cell production of nitric oxide participates in IDDM, human islets must produce nitric oxide in response to cytokines. We have shown that a combination of cytokines (lL-1, IFN, and TNF) induce the formation of nitric oxide by isolated human islets (Corbett et al., 1993b). The formation of nitric oxide has been demonstrated by cytokine-induced cGMP accumulation, nitrite formation, and EPR-detectable iron-nitrosyl complex formation (Fig. 12), all of which were prevented by NMMA. The cytokine combination of IFN and lL-1 are required for nitrite production, while TTSIF potentiates IL-1 and IFN-induced nitrite formation by human islets. The cytokine combination of lL-1, TNF, and IFN also influences the physiological function of insulin secretion by human islets. Low concentrations of this cytokine combination slightly stimulate insulin secretion, while high concentrations inhibit insulin secretion, similar to the concentration-dependent effects of lL-1 on rat islet function. NMMA partially prevents the inhibitory effects of this cytokine combination on insulin secretion from human islets, suggesting that nitric oxide may participate in )3-cell dysfunction associated with IDDM. 

Nitrate accumulation may occur in plants growing on soil fertilized with nitrate under moisture-deficient conditions. In the stomachs of ruminant animals, nitrate (NOj) ingested with plant material is reduced to nitrite (N02). The nitrite product enters the bloodstream and oxidizes the iron(II) in hemoglobin to iron(III). The condition that results is methemoglobinemia, which was discussed in Section 15.3 in connection with aniline poisoning. 

Greater than 50% cell viability or less than 50% cell toxicity at 10 pM CO-RM concentration or greater than 50% nitrite production inhibition at 100 pM CO-RM concentration Greater than 50% cell viability or nitrite production inhibition, or less than 50% cell toxicity at 50 pM CO-RM concentration... 

A number of compounds [(t 4-2-pyrone)Fe(CO)3] have been tested for CO release and toxicity. Three were found to release CO, 19-21, and were also tested for toxicity with IC 0 = 132, 89 and 95 pM for 19, 20 and 21, respectively. 19 causes vasodilatation of aortic rings pre-contracted with phenylephrine [196], Subsequently, this was extended to cell viability, cytotoxicity and inhibition of nitrite production by using murine RAW264.7 macrophages and compound 22 was included [197]. Of these compounds, 19 was the most promising. 

Two compounds, [CpMo(CO)3(pyrone)]+, pyrone = 4-methoxy-6-methyl-2-pyrone, 42, and 3-bromo-4-methoxy-6-methyl-2-pyrone, 43, were examined as potential CO releasing molecules. Both release CO to myoglobin. [CpMo(CO)3(3-bromo-4-meth-oxy-6-methyl-2-pyrone)]+, 43, which showed the faster CO release also showed good cell viability, cytotoxicity and inhibition of nitrite production using murine... 

One of the principal disadvantages of this system is the inability to study the rate of nitrite production by Mo(H20)63+ at physiological pH. 

Miyazaki, T., Wada, E., and Hattori, A. (1975). Nitrite production from ammonia and nitrate in the euphoric layer of the western North Pacific Ocean. Marine Science Communications 1, 381-394. 

Olson, R. J., Soo-Hoo, J. B., and Kiefer, D. A. (1980). Steady-state growth of the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana Uncoupled kinetics of nitrate uptake and nitrite production. Plant Physiol. 66, 383-389. 

Kapasi AA, Gibbons N, Mattana J, Singhal PC. Morphine stimulates mesangial cell TNF-a and nitrite production. Inflammation 2000 24 463-476. 

The presence of leukocyte esterase is indicative of pyuria. The detection of nitrite is indicative of the presence of bacteria that degrade nitrate excreted in the urine. The combination of the two tests is valuable in patients with urinary tract infection. The absence of both constituents is a valuable test to rule out urinary tract infection, thereby reducing the number of samples sent to the laboratory for further tests. The nitrite test may be less helpful in young children in whom the urine remains in the bladder for less time, thereby limiting the time for nitrite production. 

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