Rapeseed oil mixture

Alkaline earth metal oxides and hydroxides have also been tested in transesterification reactions. Ca(OH)2 did not show significant catalytic activity in the transesterification of rapeseed oil with methanol at conditions normally used to prepare biodiesel.Peterson et al. reported relative alcoholysis activities of a series of supported CaO catalysts under near reflux conditions of methanol-rapeseed oil mixtures at 6 1 molar ratios.Among the catalysts tested, the most active was CaO (9.2 wt% CaO) on MgO. For instance, in a 12 h reaction the total oil conversion using this catalyst was over 95%, similar to... 

Kalo, P., Vaara, K., Antila, M. 1986b. Changes in triglyceride composition and melting properties of butter fat fraction/rapeseed oil mixtures induced by lipase catalysed interesterification. Fette, Seifen, Anstrichmittm. 88, 362-365. 

To reduce the melting point of a tallow-rapeseed oil mixture, the triglyceride composition of the mixture was altered by enzymatic interesterification in a solvent-free system. The interesterification and hydrolysis were followed by melting point profiles and by free fatty acid determinations. The degree of hydrolysis was linearly related to the initial water content of the reaction mixture. The rate of the interesterification reaction was influenced by the amount of enzyme but not much by temperature, between 50°C and 70°C. The melting point reduction achieved by interesterification depended on the mass fractions of the substrates the lower the mass fraction of tallow, the larger the reduction of the melting point. ... 

ALA-DAG was prepared from periUa oil in the presence of immobilized Upase as described by Huge-Jensen et al. (17). The fatty acid compositions of the test oils, i.e., ALA-DAG and safflower/rapeseed oil mixture (SR-oU), are shown in Table 4. SR-oil contained mainly oleic acid (29.1%) and Unoleic acid (57.8%) as its fatty acid components. On the other hand, ALA-DAG contained 60.8% a-hnoleic acid. The DAG and TAG content in the ALA-DAG oil were 85.2 and 14.1%, respectively. The ratio of 1,3-DAG and 1,2-DAG was 70 30. 

Fatty Acid Methyl Esters of Rapeseed Oil Mixture... 

Kalo et al. (1986b) studied the changes in TAG composition and melting properties of butterfat and butterfat solid fat fraction-rapeseed oil mixtures interesterified by Candida cylindracae lipase. They found that the proportion of trisa-turated TAGs with 42-52 carbons was distinctly lower in the interesterified product. They also noticed that DAGs were responsible for the changes in acyl species with 30-38 carbons. Kalo et al. (1987b) subjected butterfat to Candida cylindra-... 

Danish researchers performed a trial with a formulation of rapeseed oil combined to an emulsifier, as well as soyabean oil also with different emulsifiers. The oils were either sprayed on bees or administered in sugar patties. While the oils with high concentration of emulsifier killed high levels of mites (up to 97%), the side-effect was significant bee deaths (over 50%). Oil mixtures with less emulsifier were not effective in killing mites. Oil patties similar to those used with tracheal mites did not significantly reduce Varroa levels. The researchers conclusion is that vegetable oils do not seem a realistic alternative for Varroa control [60]. 

Fatty acid methyl ester standards (12 0, 14 0, 16 0, 18 0, 16 1A9, 18 1A9, 18 2A9 12, 18 3A9-12 15, solutions in hexane 2 mg/mL). Standard samples containing mixtures of FAMEs are commercially available. Rapeseed oil is an appropriate standard for this experiment. 

Viinanen and Hopia (145) described an evaporative light-scattering detector (ELSD) that can be used to detect autoxidation products of TAG standards [trilinolenin (TLn), trilinolein (TL), and triolein (TO)] and of a natural mixture of rapeseed oil (RSO) TAGs. The samples were oxidized at 40°C in the dark in open 10-ml test tubes. Sample aliquots of 500 mg were taken for... 

Experiments were carried out in batch-type and flow-type supercritical biomass conversion systems. The batch-type reaction system was the same as reported previously (14). In brief, it consisted of a tube reaction vessel (Inconel-625 5 mL in volume) equipped with a thermocouple and a pressure gage. For hydrolysis reaction, 1 mL of rapeseed oil mixed with 4 mL of water was fully charged into the reaction vessel. The reaction vessel was then heated with molten tin preheated at desired temperatures. It took about 12 s to reach the reaction temperature. Subsequently, the vessel was moved into a water bath to quench the reaction. Reaction time was counted from the time a mixture reached the reaction temperature to when it was quenched. The obtained product was then kept for about 30 min until the two phases separated the upper portion is the hydrolyzed product, while the lower is a mixture of water and glycerol. The upper portion was then evaporated in a vacuum evaporator to remove any water. 

Rapeseed oil or fatty acid was mixed with alcohol in a molar ratio of 42 1 in alcohol to oil/fatty acids, and the mixture was treated at 300 and 350°C. In the batch-type system, the pressure was the maximum one... 

Figure 2.5. Stabilization of immobilized C. antarctica lipase in the second-step reaction by addition of vegetable oil and glycerol. The reaction was repeated at 30 °C with 6 wt% immobilized lipase by transferring the lipase to a fresh substrate mixture every 24 h. A, A reaction mixture was composed of dehydrated first-step product, rapeseed oil, and MeOH. Rapeseed oil was added to give the acylglycerol content of 50%, and the amount of MeOH was an equimolar amount to unreacted FAs. B, A reaction mixture was prepared by adding 10wt% glycerol to the mixture used in Figure A. O, The content of FAMEs at 2h , at 4h , at 24h. Dotted lines indicate the content of FAMEs before the reaction (44.1 wt%).

Fully Hydrogenated Rapeseed Oil occurs as a white, waxy, odorless solid that is a mixture of triglycerides. The saturated fatty acids are found in the same proportions that result from the full hydrogenation of fatty acids occurring in natural high erucic acid rapeseed oil. The rapeseed oil is obtained from Brassica juncea,... 

Cmde oils generally contain phospholipids that are removed during the degum-ming stage of refining as a crude mixture (lecithin). This valuable product is the basis of the phospholipid industry, and phospholipids are used extensively in food products, in animal feeds, and in industrial processes. The major members are phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, and phosphatidylinositols and are accompanied by smaller proportions of other phospholipids. Soybean oil (3.2%), rapeseed oil (2.5%), and sunflower seed oil (1.5%) contain the proportions of total phospholipids indicated in parentheses and are the main sources of commercial lecithins, especially soya lecithin. Palm oil contains little or no phospholipids (7-9). 

The required starting compound for the synthesis of brassinolide by hydroxylation of a A22 double bond is 22-dehydrocampesterol, which is not readily available (7). It can be isolated as a mixture with the C-24 epimer, brassicasterol, from oysters (Crassostrea virginica), but the mixture is difficult to separate. It is more readily prepared by synthesis (6). For the synthesis of 24-epibrassinolide, brassicasterol, which can be obtained from rapeseed oil, is an obvious starting compound (15). Ergosterol, which is readily available, has also been employed (16). 

For ecological and political reasons, so-called biodiesel, most often in the form of RME (rapeseed oil methyl ester), has received much attention, especially in Europe. Biodiesel can be used as a replacement for conventional diesel fuel, however, in certain cases it can be beneficial to adapt the engine control if biodiesel is used [5], Thus there is interest in a sensor detecting the presence of biodiesel and, for a mixture with conventional diesel, the mixing ratio in the fuel tank. 

Ackman, R.G. (1983) Chemical composition of rapeseed oil, in High and Low Erucic Acid Rapeseed Oils (eds. J.K.G. Kramer, F.D. Sauer and WJ. Pigden), Academic Press, Toronto, pp. 85—141. Ackman, R.G. (1990) Canola fatty acids — an ideal mixture for health, nutrition, and food use, in Canola and Rapeseed. Production, Chemistry, Nutrition and Processing Technology (ed F. Shahidi), Avi Book, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp. 81—98. 

Methanolysis was conducted in a 20mL reaction bottle, maintained at 40 °C in a rotary shaker at 260rpm. The initial weight of the rapeseed oil was 5g. To prevent direct contact between the lipases and the methanol drops, the methanol was mixed with 4mL tert-butanol and oil followed by the addition of lipases to the mixture. In all experiments without initial water content experiment, there was no set initial amount of water in reactant, with the exception of the water contained within the enzymes themselves. 

FIGURE 8.2 Synergistic effect of oxidized rapeseed oil on peroxide value (PV) of fresh oil. Mixture composed in 10, 25, and 50% oxidized oil. PV was determined after 2 hours and 1 month storage of the mixture at room temperature. F is fresh oil, and Ox is oxidized oil. (From Kofakowska, A., Domiszewski, Z., and Zych, A., unpublished data.)... 

Forssell, P., Kervinen, R., Lappi, M., Linko, P, Suortti, T., and Poutanen, K. Effect of enzymatic interesterification on the melting point of tallow-rapeseed oil (LEAR) mixture. Journal of the American Oil... 

Test Articles and Dosing. The DAG oil (Econa Oil, Kao Corporation, Biological Science Laboratories, Tochigi, JAPAN) used in this study was prepared from rapeseed oil in the presence of lipase, and was 90% DAG (w/w). The ratio of 1,2-DAG to 1,3-DAG was 3 7. Triacylglycerol oil was prepared from a mixmre of rapeseed, soybean, and safflower oils. This mixture was used to match the major fatty acid composition of the DAG and TAG oils as closely as possible. The intended use of the DAG oil product is as a component in cooking, as a substitute for other oils. 

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