Rapeseed oil methyl ester

For example, rapeseed oil methyl ester has a cold filter plugging point of -14°C. The cold filter plugging point is a standardized test method (27,28). 

SFME = sunflower oil methyl esters PME = palm oil methyl esters RME = rapeseed oil methyl esters. See Tables 1.2 and 1.3 for other abbreviations. 

Simkovsky, N. M., and Ecker, A. 1999. Effect of Antioxidants on the Oxidative Stability of Rapeseed Oil Methyl Esters. Erdol, Erdgas, Kohle, 115,317-318. 

Table 3.2 displays some examples for ternary blends of palm oil, soybean oil and rapeseed oil methyl esters. Under the price conditions given in the table, a typical winter formula would contain SQ-90% rapeseed methyl esters, with the balance mainly soy methyl esters and maybe a few percent of palm methyl esters. In summertime no rapeseed would be used. For Europe 70 to 80% soy methyl esters would combine with palm methyl esters as the balance. For Biodiesel in the U. S., the palm oil methyl ester content would be equally high, making the formula considerably cheaper than pure soy methyl esters. 

Characteristics Diesel Rapeseed oil Methyl ester of rapeseed oil... 

Rapeseed oil methyl ester (RME) was the first biodiesel to be developed. Biodiesels based on other feedstocks such as used cooking oil and sunflower oil are now also commercially available. The first pilot plant with a capaeity of 500 tonnes/year was commissioned in 1988 in Austria. The first industrial scale biodiesel production plant went into operation in 1991. Its capacity was 10 000 tonnes/year. In the following years, biodiesel production plants of larger capaeities were established all over Europe, e.g. the plant at Livorno in Italy has a capacity of 80 000 toimes/year. Rouen in France has the world s largest biodiesel production plant with a capacity of 120 000 tonnes/year. Germany and Sweden also have biodiesel production plants of comparable capacities. 

W/o-droplet microemulsions with non-ionic surfactants containing rapeseed oil methyl ester have been successfully used for in situ extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [40]. However, enhancement of oil content and solubilisation capacity failed with these systems. The use of co-surfactants and co-solvents for suppression of liquid crystal formation was considered to be critical for in situ application. 

A complex system containing a branched anionic surfactant, non-ionic surfactants, rapeseed oil methyl ester and an aqueous calcium chloride solution was found to form bicontinuous microemulsions even at low temperatures [46, 90]. This type of microemulsion has been studied for DNAPL extraction on a large scale in an artificial aquifer and later in a joint project with different partners financed by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [91 ]. The project network applied an integrated concept regarding aspects of hydraulics, reuse and biodegradation [92]. Three large-scale experiments each with some hundreds of litres of preformed microemulsion were performed. Whereas extraction of perchloroethylene in the field-scale experiment was not successful... 

For ecological and political reasons, so-called biodiesel, most often in the form of RME (rapeseed oil methyl ester), has received much attention, especially in Europe. Biodiesel can be used as a replacement for conventional diesel fuel, however, in certain cases it can be beneficial to adapt the engine control if biodiesel is used [5], Thus there is interest in a sensor detecting the presence of biodiesel and, for a mixture with conventional diesel, the mixing ratio in the fuel tank. 

The classic use of methyl esters of vegetable oils has been as intermediates in the production of fatty alcohols from vegetable oils (Peters, 1996 Ahmad et al., 2007) or esterquats and methyl ester sulfonates (Ahmad et al., 2007). Fatty alcohols and the other products are used in surfactants and cleaning supplies. Intermediates were produced from polyisobutylene (PIB) maleic anhydride and rapeseed oil methyl esters which were used to acylate polyethylene polyamines (Hancsok et al., 2006). These additives showed corrosion-inhibiting and lubricity-improving effects. 

Cvengros, J. E Povalanec. Production and treatment of rapeseed oil methyl esters as alternative fuels for diesel engines. Bioresour. Technol. 1996, 55, 145-152. 

Gryelewicz, S. Rapeseed oil methyl esters preparation using heterogeneous catalysts. Bioresour. Tech-1 1999, 70, 249-253. 

Simkovsky, N.M. A. Ecker. Effect of antioxidants on the oxidative stability of rapeseed oil methyl esters. Erdoel, Erdgas, Kohle 1999, 115, 317-318. 

Synonyms Alkyl C16-18 methyl esters Canola methyl ester Canola oil, methyl ester Rape oil, methyl ester Rapeseed oil, methyl ester... 

Synonyms Rape oil methyl ester Rapeseed oil methyl ester... 

Rapeseed oil, methyl ester. See Methyl canolate Rapeseed oil methyl ester. See Methyl, rapeseedate... 

Krahl J, Munack A, Ruschel Y, Schroder O, Schwarz S, Hofmann L, Biinger J (2006) Influence of the Phosphorus Content in Rapeseed Oil Methyl Esters During a 1000 Hours Endurance Test on the Function of a SCR-system Measured by Exhaust Gas Emissions and Health Effects. SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-3282... 

Prior to DSC and thermomicroscopic measurements, gas chromatography analyses were carried out for both palm oil and rapeseed oil methyl esters. 

Blends of palm oil methyl ester and rapeseed oil methyl ester with diesel fuel (DF) have been realized on a gravimetric basis. Blend ratios were 0, 10, 20, 30 and 100%. 

This section shows how DSC and thermomicroscopy can be used to study the cold flow behavior of two biodiesels (palm oil methyl ester (MEl) and rapeseed oil methyl ester (ME2)) and their blends with a conventional diesel fuel (DF). The impact of a cold flow improver on the quantity and size of crystals is also presented. 

As shown in Table 13.2, the unsaturates present lower melting and crystallization points (temperatures and enthalpies) than saturates. Therefore, it can be assumed that the cold flow parameters will be better (i.e. low CPs and PPs) for the rapeseed oil methyl ester as it contains more unsaturated compounds compared to the palm oil methyl ester. This affirmation is also supported by Knothe [29] who stated that... 

Samples of conventional diesel fuel (DF), 3 rapeseed oil methyl esters and 3 antioxidants, BHT, TBHQ and EAP (mixture of N,N -di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine (40-60 %) 2,6-di-t-butylphenol (<40 %) and tri-t-butylphenol (< 10%)) were used... 

First, P-DSC experiments were carried out on two rapeseed oil methyl esters (RMEl and RME2) and a conventional diesel fuel (DF). OOT and OIT values are given in Table 13.6. As expected, due to its chemical composition, DF is much more stable than both RMEl and RME2. Furthermore, RMEl is more stable to oxidation than RME2 (Fig. 13.10). 

Table 13.8 gives the results comparing 3 AOs (BHT, TBHQ and EAP) tested on a B7 (also illustrated in Fig. 13.12). B7 was different from the two other blends previously presented, but was still a rapeseed oil methyl ester. Addition of BHT and TBHQ led to improvements in OOT and OIT values. It is clear that EAP significantly improves oxidative stability as the OOT increased by more than 24 °C and the OIT by almost 300 min. This could be explained by its composition one amine and two phenolic AOs, the whole mixture giving a positive synergy [1]. Thus, the three AOs tested can be classified as a function of their performance as follows ... 

Dagaut P, Gail S, Sahasrabudhe M. Rapeseed oil methyl ester oxidation over extended ranges of pressure, temperature, and equivalence ratio experimental and modehng kinetic study. Proc Combust Inst. 2007 31 2955-2961. 

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