Range extender

Section 20 21 Acyl chlorides anhydrides esters and amides all show a strong band for C=0 stretching m the infrared The range extends from about 1820 cm (acyl chlorides) to 1690 cm (amides) Their NMR spectra are characterized by a peak near 8 180 for the carbonyl carbon H NMR spectroscopy is useful for distinguishing between the groups R and R m esters (RCO2R ) The protons on the carbon bonded to O m R appear at lower field (less shielded) than those on the carbon bonded to C=0... 

For most systems, only the first three terms are used. Only the first two terms are used for narrow ranges. If data are available in a wide range extending far above the normal boiling point, all four terms are used, with values of E varying in integers from —10 to 10 (excluding 0 and —I). 

High optical clarity (>95% in the visible range extending into the near infrared together with a good level of transparency to ultraviolet light). 

Magnetic sector field instruments have mass resolutions up to m/Am = 20000 quad-rupole instruments are limited to a mass resolution of approximately m/Am = 500. For both types of instrument the a mass range extends to 500. 

Figure 12-99. Stable volume range extended by stator blade control. (Used by permission Claude, R. E. Chemical Engineering, V. 63, No. 6, 1956. McGraw-Hill, Inc. All rights reserved.)...

The taxonomic application of the ability of enteric organisms to grow with 4-hydroxy-phenylacetate (Cooper and Skinner 1980) and 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (Burlingame and Chapman 1983) has been established. In addition, it has been demonstrated that the enzyme that carries out the hydroxylation has a wide substrate range extending to 4-meth-ylphenol, and even to 4-chlorophenol (Prieto and Garcis 1994). 

M.N. Taib et al. 1996 pH sensor range extended via artificial neural network... 

We here summarize work we have done with a moth, Utetheisa ornatrix, that has a dependence on certain plant alkaloids. The moth uses the compounds for defense and for production of a pheromone that plays a decisive role in sexual selection. The species has a broad range, extending through North America east of the Rockies and southward into Brazil, Argentina, and Chile. Our studies were done mostly with populations of the moth from central Florida. 

Ti-C In this system one intermediate phase is formed with a homogeneity range extending, depending on temperature, between 32 and 50 at.% C, in short named TiC (or, better, TiC x) and having a NaCl-type structure. 

The lattice parameters were found to scale linearly with the relative Au/Pt content. In other words, they follow a Vegard s type law that is frequently observed with binary metallic alloys. This is an important finding because it shows that the correlation between the phase property and the bimetallic composition for nanoscale materials is different from their bulk counterparts. Bulk Au-Pt metals show a miscibility gap and the linear correlation between the lattice parameter and the composition breaks in a very wide composition range extending from 10 to 80% Au. Within the miscibility gap, the lattice parameters corresponding to bulk crystalline Au-Pt samples are independent of the composition. 

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