Randomized double-blind trial

Haddad AL, Matos LF, Brunstein F, et al (2003) A clinical, prospective, randomized, double-blind trial comparing skin whitening complex with hydroqui-none vs. placebo in the treatment of melasma. Int J Dermatol 42 153-156... 

Grabowski J., Rhoades H., Silverman P et al. Risperidone for the treatment of cocaine dependence randomized, double-blind trial. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 20 305, 2000. 

Pharmacokinetic studies in patients yielded an estimated product half-life of approximately 20 days (11-50 days range) and the product clearance was found to be variable according to body weight, gender and tumour burden. Safety and efficacy were established by three randomized, controlled trials. The first study was a randomized double-blind trial involving 813 patients. The primary end-point measured was overall survival, which was extended from a median of 15.6 months to 20.3 months. 

Official Title Effect of EGb 761 on the Ratio of the Isoforms of the Protein Precursor of Beta Amyloid Platelets on Patients With Mild to Moderate Alzheimer s Disease. A Phase II, Randomized, Double-Blind Trial, on Parallel Groups Versus Placebo Primary Outcome Measures Effect of EGb 761 on the ratio of the isoform of the protein precursor of beta amyloid platelets Secondary Outcome Measures Efficacy of EGb 761 on the cognitive functions and safety of EGb 761 at a dosage of 240 mg per day Total Enrollment 40 Study Start July 2005... 

Noel GJ, Bush K, Bagchi P, lanus J, Strauss RS. (2008) A randomized, double-blind trial comparing ceftobiprole medocaril with vancomycin plus ceftazidime for the treatment of patients with complicated skin and skin-structure infections. Clin Infect Dis 46 647-655. 

QTprolongation In a multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial that enrolled 198 patients with COPD, the number of subjects with changes from baseline-corrected QT interval of 30 to 60 msec was higher in the tiotropium group as compared with placebo. No patients in either group had QT of more than 500 msec. 

Martel M, Sterzinger A, Miner J, et al. Management of acute undifferentiated agitation in the emergency department a randomized double-blind trial of droperidol, ziprasidone, and midazolam. Acad Emerg Med 2005 12 1167-1172. 

Katz IR, Jeste DV, Mintzer JE, et al Comparison of risperidone and placebo for psychosis and behavioral disturbances associated with dementia a randomized, double-blind trial Risperidone Study Group. J Clin Psychiatry 60 107-115, 1999... 

Lindsay, K.L., C. Trepo,T. Hemtges, et al., A randomized, double-blind trial comparing pegylated interferon alfa-2b to interferon alfa-2b as initial treatment for chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology, 2001. 34 395-403. 

It is known, however, that drugs are readily available in many prisons, and the rate of adverse incidents and the time and effort spent in detecting smuggling of drugs in has been enough to persuade some authorities that at least the basics of treatment should be available. The most routine option has become to provide a detoxification for opiate misusers, with for instance lofexidine or dihydrocodeine, and also benzodiazepines will often be issued if there is a history of abuse of these and it is intended to avoid the possibility of fits with a short withdrawal course. The adverse incidents in custody and prisons have included some deaths in users of crack cocaine, with physical explanations postulated but no very satisfactory treatment for cocaine withdrawal indicated. Prison services have typically been wary of methadone, and in favouring lofexidine use it was encouraging that a randomized double-blind trial carried out by prison specialists found lofexidine to be as effective as methadone in relief of withdrawal symptoms (Howells et al. 2002). 

Mattick RP Hall W (1996). Are detoxification programmes effective. Lancet, 347, 97-100 Mattick RP, Ali R, White JM, O Brien S, Walk S Danz C (2003). Buprenorphine versus methadone maintenance therapy a randomized double-blind trial with 405 opioid-dependent patients. Addiction, 98, 441-52 Mattick RP, Kimber J, Breen C Davoli M (2004). Buprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence (Cochrane Review). The Cochrane Library, issue 2. Chichester, UK John Wiley Sons... 

Bondolfi G, Baumann P, Paths M, et al. A randomized double-blind trial of risperidone versus clozapine for treatment-resistant chronic schizophrenia. Presented at the 148th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, Miami, May 1995. 

Maciunas RJ et al Prospective randomized double-blind trial of bilateral thalamic deep brain stimulation in adults with Tourette syndrome. J Neurosurg 2007 107 1004. [PMID 17977274]... 

A 64-year-old woman was included in a randomized, double-blind trial of drugs used in the treatment of ocular hypertension. After 3 months, examination of the optic nerve showed bilateral edema. She had been using latanoprost 0.0005% eye-drops at night to both eyes. Latanoprost was withdrawn and the disc edema resolved at 1 week. 

Spitzer RL, Terman M, Williams JB, Terman JS, Malt UF, Singer F, Lewy AJ. Jet lag clinical features, validation of a new syndrome-specific scale, and lack of response to melatonin in a randomized, double-blind trial. Am J Psychiatry 1999 156(9) 1392-6. 

Body JJ, Gaich GA, Scheele WH, Kulkarni PM, Miller PD, Peretz A, Dore RK, Correa-Rotter R, Papaioannou A, Cumming DC, Hodsman AB. A randomized double-blind trial to compare the efficacy of teriparatide [recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1-34)] with alendronate in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002 87(10) 4528-35. 

Freund-Levi Y., Eriksdotter-Jonhagen M., Cederholm T., Basun H., Faxen-Irving G., Garlind A., Vedin I., Vessby B., Wahlund L. O., and Palmblad J. (2006). Fatty acid treatment in 174 patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease OmegAD study - A randomized double-blind trial. Arch. Neurol. 63 1402-1408. 

Lipophilic extracts of sabal fruit (Serenoa repens syn. Sabal seruulata) are used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (see Chapter 55). The hexane extract of the pulp and seed contains a complex mixture of free fatty acids and their esters, small quantities of phytosterols (such as [3-sitosterol), aliphatic alcohols, and polyprenic compounds. The efficacy of this extract was recently compared with that of the 5a-reductase inhibitor finasteride for 6 months, in a randomized, double-blind trial involving almost 1100 men with moderate BPH. Dwarf palm and finasteride reduced the International Prostate Symptom Score by 37 and 39% and increased urinary peak flow by 2.7 and 3.2 ml/sec, respectively. In contrast to finasteride, dwarf palm had little effect on prostate volume. 

Nutt, J. G. et al. (2003). Randomized, double-blind trial of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in PD. Neurology 60(1), 69-73. 

Grube E, Silber S, Hauptmann KE, et al. TAXUS I. Six- and twelve month results from a randomized, double-blind trial on a slow-release pacIitaxeI-eIuting stent for de novo coronary lesions, Circulation 2003 107 38-42,... 

The abciximab clinical trials, a group of prospective, randomized, double-blind trials, provided a large body of... 

Falk RH, et al. Digoxin for converting recent-onset atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm. A randomized, double-blinded trial. Ann Intern Med 1987 106(4)503-506. 

Prospective, randomized, double-blind trial A clinical trial in which the method for analyzing data has been specified in the protocol before the study has begun (prospective), the patients have been randomly assigned to receive either the study drug or alternative treatment, and neither the patient nor the physician conducting the study know which treatment is being given to which patient. 

Von Berg, A., Koletzko, S., Grubl, A., et al. (2003). The effect of hydrolyzed cow s milk formula for allergy prevention in the first year of life The German Infant Nutritional Intervention Study, a randomized double-blind trial.. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Ill, 533-534. 

Gharabawi GM, Greenspan A, Rupnow MF et al, (2006) Reduction in psychotic symptoms as a predictor of patient satisfaction with antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia Data from a randomized double-blind trial. BMC Psychiatry S 45. 

McGlashan TH, Zipursky RB, Perkins D, Addington J, Miller T, et al. 2006. Randomized, double-blind trial of olanzapine versus placebo in patients prodromally symptomatic for psychosis. Am J Psychiatry 163 790-799. 

In the light of evidence from large, randomized, double-blind trials, the authors of a thorough review of the role of atypical neuroleptic drugs in the treatment of psychosis and agitation associated with dementia have concluded that low-dose risperidone (0.25-1.5 mg/day) can be used as first-line treatment (19). 

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