Ocular hypertension

Ocular hypertension Ocular xerosis Vision blurred... 

Brimonidine tartrate is an alph -adrenergic receptor agonist used to lower IOP in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. This drug acts to reduce aqueous humor production and increase the outflow of aqueous humor. 

Anand et al. 1987). The authors hypothesized that the ocular effects associated with endosulfan may be a result of prolonged hypertension (although no data on blood pressure were presented, and there is no other information to indicate that chronically administered endosulfan induces hypertension) or an endosulfan-induced vitamin A deficiency (which was observed in this study). Although the rabbit may represent a uniquely sensitive species, the possibility that long-term exposure of persons at hazardous waste sites to endosulfan may result in adverse effects on ocular tissues cannot be eliminated. 

Patients with ocular hypertension or primary open-angle glaucoma typically have a slow, insidious loss of vision. This is contrasted by the course of acute primary angle-closure glaucoma which can lead to rapid vision loss that develops over hours to days. 

Kass MA, Heuer DK, Higginbotham EJ, et al. The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study a randomized trial determines... 

Maoris N. Glucocorticoid use and risks of ocular hypertension and glaucoma. 

Chronic complications involve many organs and include pulmonary hypertension, bone and joint destruction, ocular problems, cholelithiasis, cardiovascular abnormalities, and hematuria and other renal complications. 

TREATMENT OF OCULAR HYPERTENSION AND OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA... 

T reatment is indicated for ocular hypertension if the patient has a significant risk factor such as IOP greater than 25 mm Hg, vertical cup-disk ratio greater than 0.5, or central corneal thickness less than 555 micrometers. Additional risk factors to be considered include family history of glaucoma, black race, severe myopia, and presence of only one eye. 

Prilocaine is a local anaesthetic of low toxicity, which should be avoided in severe or untreated hypertension, severe heart disease and in patients using drugs that may cause methaemoglobinaemia. Prilocaine may cause ocular toxicity, which has been reported with the use of the product in excessively high doses during ophthalmic procedures. 

Intraocular pressure (lOP) To lower lOP in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. 

Adverse reactions may include transient stinging and burning eye pain/ache browache headache allergic lid reaction conjunctival hyperemia conjunctival or corneal pigmentation ocular irritation (hypersensitivity) localized adrenochrome deposits in conjunctiva and cornea (prolonged use) reversible cystoid macular edema (may result from use in aphakic patients) palpitations tachycardia extrasystoles cardiac arrhythmia hypertension faintness. 

Elevated intraocular pressure f/OPJ Treatment of elevated lOP in patients with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma. 

Elevated intraocular pressure (lOP) For reduction of elevated lOP in patients with open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension who are intolerant of other lOP-lowering medications or insufficiently responsive to another lOP-lowering medication. 

Blockers can reduce intraocular pressure in glaucoma and ocular hypertension. The mechanism is believed to be related to a decreased production of aqueous humor. 

Blockers can be used topically to reduce intraocular pressure in patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. The mechanism by which ocular pressure is reduced appears to depend on decreased production of aqueous humor. Timolol has a somewhat greater ocular hypotensive effect than do the available cholinomimetic or adrenomimetic drugs. The 3-blockers also are beneficial in the treatment of acute angle-closure glaucoma. 

Other reported side effects include vomiting, salivation, lacrimation, shivering, skin rash, and an interaction with thyroid preparations that may lead to hypertension and tachycardia. Ketamine also may raise intracranial pressure and elevate pulmonary vascular resistance, especially in children with trauma or congenital heart disease. Increases in intraocular pressure also may occur, and vigilance is required if ketamine is used in ocular surgery. 

Glucocorticoids induce cataract formation, particularly in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. An increase in intraocular pressure related to a decreased outflow of aqueous humor is also a frequent side effect of periocular, topical, or systemic administration. Induction of ocular hypertension, which occurs in about 35% of the general population after glucocorticoid administration, depends on the specific drug, the dose, the frequency of administration, and the glucocorticoid responsiveness of the patient. 

Travoprost is an ester that acts as a pro-drug of a fluoro analogue of prostaglandin PGF200 which is a full agonist of the prostaglandin F (FP) receptor. It is marketed for the topical treatment of intra-ocular hypertension and glaucoma (Fig. 72) [167]. 

P.A. Netland, T. Landry, E.K. Sullilvan, R. Andrew, L. Silver, A. Weiner, S. Mallick, J. Dickerson, M.V. Bergamini, S.M. Robertson, A.A. Davis, Travoprost compared with latanoprost and timolol in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 132 (2001) 472. 

Chronic open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension Ophthalmic (solution) 1 drop... 

Glaucoma, ocular hypertension Ophthalmic 1 drop in affected eye(s) once daily, in the evening. 

The ophthalmic form may cause glaucoma, ocular hypertension, and cataracts. 

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