Cocaine crack

Gawin F., Allen D., Humblestone B. Outpatient treatment of crack cocaine smoking with flupentixol decanoate. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 46 322, 1989. 

Figure 6.1 Tracking the incidence of cocaine overdose deaths in Dade County, FL. Medicolegal investigations of the deaths were conducted by forensic pathologists. Forensic pathologists evaluated the scene environment and circumstances of death and autopsied the victim in order to determine the cause and manner of death. The circumstances of death and toxicology results were reviewed before classifying a death due to cocaine toxicity with or without preterminal delirium. There was a sharp increase in the incidence of cocaine-related and cocaine overdose cases with the arrival of crack cocaine in Dade County. The incidence of cocaine delirium victims is shown by year, from the first report in 1982.

Cocaine Clinically used as a local anaesthetic during eye surgery recreational use widespread tolerance develops readily highly addictive, especially crack cocaine severe potential problems similar to amphetamine users often become suspicious and paranoid, displaying antisocial and troublesome behaviour patterns. 

Crack cocaine A concentrated form of the drug (free base) formed by heating cocaine hydrochloride (the salt) with sodium bicarbonate Cocaine HCl + NaHC03 > Cocaine + NaCl + H20 + C02. 

Hatsukami DK, Fischman MW. (1996). Crack cocaine and cocaine hydrochloride. Are the differences myth or reality JAMA. 276(19) 1580-88. 

Hoff AL, Riordan H, Morris L, Cestaro V, Wieneke M, Alpert R, Wang GJ, Volkow N. (1996). Effects of crack cocaine on neurocognitive function. Psychiatry Res. 60(2-3) 167-76. 

Crack Cocaine Street Names Freebase. Mexican speedballs (crack w/ methamphetamine), roosten tornado (ovct 40 street slang terms) Use Crack is cocaine that comes in a rock crystal that can be heated and its vapors smoked. The tOTn crack ref s to the crackling sound heard when it is heated Actions CNS stimulant induces euphoria. Highly addictive Effects Acute CV or cerebrovascular emergencies (heart attack or stroke), could result in sudden death. Cocaine-related deaths are often a result of cardiac arrest or seizure followed by resp arrest (see also Cocaine)... 

Boyd, C. and Guthrie, B. (1996) Women, their significant others, and crack cocaine. The American Journal of Addiction Psychiatry 5, 2, 156-166. 

Minkler, M., Roe, K.M. and Price, M. (1992) The physical and emotional health of grandmothers raising grandchildren in the crack cocaine epidemic. Gerontological Society of America 32, 6, 752-761. 

Roe, K.M., Minkler, M., Barnwell, R.-S. and Jendrek, P.M. (1994) The assumption of caregiving grandmothers raising the children of the crack cocaine epidemic. Qualitative Health Research 4, 3, 281-303. 

Wallace, B.C. (1989) Psychological and environmental determinants of relapse in crack cocaine smokers. / Subst Abuse Treat 6 95-106. 

Freebase cocaine and crack cocaine, each containing cocaine base, are prepared from cocaine hydrochloride by adding ammonia and ether or sodium bicarbonate and heat, respectively. Applying heat to evaporate the ether can cause the ether to ignite, which can cause severe burns. In preparing crack cocaine, the... 

The presence of cocaine or benzoylecgonine in blood, urine, hair, or other tissues is indicative of cocaine usage. No other known substance can give rise to a false positive, and there are no legitimate excuses to account for a positive result. There are many reports of hospitalized infants and children with positive urine test results indicative of exposure to cocaine. The most likely route of exposure was secondhand smoke in homes where crack cocaine was used. 

Residential treatment appeared the most likely way of making an impact on Carl s crack cocaine use, and plans were made for an admission. This could not happen immediately, and in the meantime Carl was prescribed fluoxetine 20mg per day, and diazepam 20-30mg per day. He was keen to try to withdraw himself from crack without going into hospital, and he and his mother were instructed about his use of the two medications. They were advised that diazepam would reduce anxiety and agitation, and might help relieve craving for crack. 

---