Pseudomonas Rabbits

The competition between transferrin and infectious organisms is a fascinating topic. During infection, the mammalian host will attempt to diminish the iron available to the bacterium. The iron levels in the blood decrease and the iron stores in the liver increase. The observation that siderophore synthesis is sharply reduced at temperatures just over 37 °C may mean that the physiological function of fever is to depress bacterial siderophore synthesis, as shown for a rabbit pathogen, Pseudomonas multocida.1203... 

Rootman, D.S., et al. 1988. Iontophoresis of tobramycin for the treatment of experimental Pseudomonas keratitis in the rabbit. Arch Ophthalmol 106 262. 

Hobden, J.A., et al. 1988. Iontophoretic application of tobramycin to uninfected and Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected rabbit corneas. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 32 978. 

Transcorneal iontophoresis of antibiotics for the treatment of corneal ulcers offers a potentially effective method of management. Numerous studies have demonstrated successful penetration of antibiotics into the anterior chamber after iontophoretic treatment, compared with topically eyedrop instillation of the drug [42,58,59,66,67], The efficacy of the treatment was investigated in rabbit eyes after intrastromal injection of Pseudomonas. Gentamicin, tobramycin, and ciprofloxacin iontophoresis resulted in significantly fewer bacterial colonies in the cornea compared with frequent eyedrops instillation [68-71],... 

A number of antibiotics, including gentamicin, cephazolin, ticarcillin, amikacin, and vancomycin have been successfully delivered into the vitreous of rabbit eyes (Table 26.2). Barza et al. [74] further investigated the efficacy of transscleral iontophoresis of gentamicin for the treatment of Pseudomonas endophthalmitis in rabbits. They found that two sessions of iontophoresis in addition to an intravitreal injection of gentamicin resulted in a significantly lower number of bacterial colonies in the vitreous than by the injection alone. 

Frucht-Pery, J., et al. 2006. Iontophoretic treatment of experimental Pseudomonas keratitis in rabbit eye using gentamicin-loaded hydrogel. Cornea. In Press. 

Humicola lanuginosa Pseudomonas aeruginosa Fusarium solani cutinase Rabbit gastric... 

The use of Mini-tip Culturette (Becton Dickinson, Cockeysville, MD) has been compared with traditional culture techniques using a rabbit model as well as commimity-acquired presumed bacterial keratitis. The sensitivity of the Mini-tip Culturette was 83-3% and the specificity 100%. Detected organisms included group A P-hemolytic Streptococcus, S. aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 

Quinazoline is oxidized rapidly by xanthine oxidase to quinazolin-4(3//)-one which subsequently is oxidized more slowly to quinazoline-2,4(l//,3//)-dione. Quinazoline is also oxidized to quinazolin-4(3//)-one by rabbit liver aldehyde oxidase but the reaction ceases within a short time it appears that quinazoline is able to inactivate the aldehyde oxida.se, Quinazolin-4(3//)-one is rapidly oxidized by aldehyde oxidase to quinazoline-2,4(l//,3//)-dione. Various 6-substituted and 6,7-disubstituted quinazolin-4(3//)-ones are quantitatively oxidized to the respective quinazoline-2,4(l//,3//)-diones by buttermilk xanthine o.xidase, ° Biotransformation of quinazoline by a mutant strain of the bacterium Pseudomonas putida gives quinazolin-4(3//)-one, c(s-5,6-dihydroquinazoline-5,6-diol, and cis-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazoline-5,6-di-... 

Davis et al. (49) investigated topical versus subconjunctival versus intramuscular (IM) tobramycin in a rabbit model of Pseudomonas keratitis. Topical application (two drops every 30 minutes) was found to be the most effective followed by subconjunctival and IM administrations. Neither local application had a significant effect on disease in the contralateral eye. Similar findings were reported by Leibowitz et al. (50) who showed that 16 hourly topical antibiotic drops were more effective than large single intravenous (TV) or subconjunctival injections. Ocular drug levels were not reported in either of these studies. Subconjunctival injections of ciprofloxacin have been studied in the rabbit (51). It was found that although potentially therapeutic levels were detected in the aqueous, vitreous levels were consistently low. 

In the case of unmodified Pseudomonas 7A Glutaminase-asparaginase (PGA), the plasma half-life in normal BDFl mice is 13 hours [22], but this is extended by PEG-ylation to approximately 5 days in mice, rats, and rabbits (Figs. 6.5-6.8). Thus, the PEGylated drug requires much less-fre-... 

Kynurenine. a,2-Diamino 7 OXobenzenebutanoic acid 3-a nth rani] oy] alanine. CIDHl2N,0, mol wt 208.21. C 57.68%, H 5.81%, N 13.46%. O 23.05%. An amino acid produced in ihe body frnm tryptophan, lsoln from urine o[ rabbits that had been fed tryptophan Matsuoka, Yoshimat-su, Z. Physio/. Chem. 143, 206 (1925) Butenandl et ai, ibid. 279, 27 (1943) Heidelberger el al, J. Biol, Chem, 179, 143 (1949). Structure and synthesis Butenandt et at., loc. cit. Laboratory prepn hy oxidation of L-iryptophan with a Pseudomonas sp. Hayaishi, Meister, Biochem. Prepn. 3, 108... 

Cow s milk Rabbit liver Desulfovibrio gas Alcaligenes eutrophus Pseudomonas carboxydovorans Pseudomonas carboxydojlava Pseudomonas putida Pseudomonas diminuta Agrobacterium sp. IB Arthrobacter sp. 

Documented effects Alcohol and water extracts of the roots inhibited the growth of Aeromoms hydrophila. Bacillus mega-terium, Corynebacterium xenosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Micrococcus luteus. Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus, but was not an effective inhibitor of Escherichia coli (Golcu et al. 2002). In experiments with rats that ate fresh roots decreased bladder and kidney stone formation was observed, but increased death rates were exhibited. In experiments with rabbits that were given root extracts orally, decreased calcium oxalate crystal formation in the kidneys and hepatotoxicity was observed. Genotoxic effects were observed in bacterial and mammalian cell systems (Blumenthal 1998). 

Sensoy, D., Cevher, H., Sanci, A., Yilmaz, M., Ozdamar, A., Bergifadi, N., 2009. Bioadhesive sulfacetamide sodium microspheres evaluation of their effectiveness in the treatment of bacterial keratitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a rabbit model. European Journal of Pharmaceutics Biopharmaceutics 72 (3), 487—495. 

Garvey M, Rabbit D, Stocca A, Rowan N (2015) Pulsed ultraviolet light inactivatirut of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Water Environ J 29 36-42... 

Currently, Candida rugosa and Pseudomonas cepacia lipases, thermolysin, subtilisin, and penicillin acylase are commercially available from Altus Biologies Inc. and have proved to be very effective catalysts for the synthesis of peptides and esters, and the resolution of acids, alcohols, amines, and amino acids in a variety of media [370-372,374-377,379-381]. In addition, proteinase K, lactate dehydrogenase, horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase, and rabbit muscle aldolase have also been crossUnked and shown to operate efficiently in synthetic reactions [305,374,378,382,383]. The unique features, and the advantages and drawbacks of using CLECs, are outlined in Table 9. 

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