Roots, extraction

Linearizing the output of the transmitter. Functions such as square root extraction of the differential pressure for a head-type flowmeter can be done within the instrument instead of within the control system. 

Eremosparton aphyllum. The roots are rich in alkaloids, which have not been characterised. The root extract slows respiration, lowers blood pressure and raises the pulse rate on intravenous injections in dogs. (Lyubushin, Farmakol i Toksikol., 1946, 9, No. 2, 30 (Chem. Abstr., 1947, 41, 3220).)... 

E. C. S. Chan, H. Katznelson, and J. W. Rouatt, The influence of soil and root extracts on the associative growth of selected. soil bacteria, Canadian Journal Microbiology 9 187 (1962). 

Cassia fistula, C. occiden-, tails, Leucaena leucocephala, non-nodulating roots and root extracts inhib d. R. japonicum growth 105... 

Cynodon dactylon, Rhynchelytrum repens, root extracts inhib d. growth of NO NH oxidizers 107, 108... 

Purchase (153, 154), using root washings of H. filipendula, found no evidence of toxicity to Nitrobacter and Nitrosomonas. Since Nitrobacter is more sensitive to phosphorus deficiency than Nitrosomonas, and because phosphorus deficiency is sufficiently severe in some soils to restrict growth, its ability to compete for nitrogen is diminished. Inhibition was found in the root extract... 

Alam MI, Gomes A. Snake venom neutralization by Indian medicinal plants (Vitex negundo and Emblica officinalis) root extracts. J Ethnopharmacol 2003 86 75-80. 

Table 1. Themaxima(X) in the fluorescence spectra of intact cells on the Rutagraveolens roots, extracts from the root tissue (1 hour of soaking) and known individual compounds of the tissue... 

Oztiirk M, Aydogmus-OzUirk F, Dura ME and Topcu G. 2007. Antioxidant activity of stem and root extracts of rhubarb (Rheum ribes) an edible medicinal plant. Food Chem 103(2) 623-630. 

Figure 3.3 GC/MS metabolic profiles of a polar M. truncatula root extract that illustrates the elution regions of various metabolite classes. The (a) normalized chromatogram is dominated by several peaks, but the (b) expanded view of the same root profile reveals a substantially larger amount of information not apparent at first glance.

Figure 3.4 GC/MS metabolic profile of a polar M. truncatula root extract that provides the identification for many of the root components. Individual components are identified by matching their mass spectra to those in databases or by comparison with authentic samples. Using this approach we have identified a large number (>130 currently) of primary metabolites in M. truncatula.

HPLC/PDA/MS analysis of an alfalfa root extract. The HPLC retention time, the UV absorbance spectrum, and the mass spectrum readily identify the peak eluting at 45 minutes as medicarpin, a known phytoalexin in alfalfa. 

Morazzoni, P. et al., In vitro and in vivo immune stimulating effects of a new standardized Echinacea angustifolia root extract (Polinacea), Fitoterapia, 76, 401, 2005. 

Weber G, Messerschmidt J, von Bohlen A, Alt F. Effect of extraction pH on metal speciation in plant root extracts. Fresenius. J. Anal. Chem. 2001 371 921-926. 

Ligor, T., Ludwiczuk, A., Wolski, T., and Buszewski, B. (2005). Isolation and determination of ginsenosides in American ginseng leaves and root extracts by LC-MS. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 383,1098-1105. 

Nah SY, McCleskey EW. (1994). Ginseng root extract inhibits calcium channels in rat sensory neurons through a similar path, but different receptor, as mu-type opioids. J Ethnopharmacol. 42(1) 45-51. Nah SY, Park HJ, McCleskey EW. (1995). A trace component of ginseng that inhibits Ca2+ channels through a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 92(19) 8739-43. 

Leuschner J, Muller J, Rudmann M. (1993). Characterisation of the central nervous depressant activity of a commercially available valerian root extract. Arzneimittelforschung. 43(6) 638-41. 

Sakamoto T, Mitani Y, Nakajima K. (1992). Psychotropic effects of Japanese valerian root extract. Chem Pharm Bull (Tol o). 40(3) 758-61. 

Santos MS, Ferreira F, Cunha AP, Carvalho AP, Ribeiro CF, Macedo T. (1994a). Synaptosomal GABA release as influenced by valerian root extract—involvement of the GABA carrier. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 327(2) 220-31. 

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