Pseudomonas aeruginosa action

Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcusfaecalis and Staphylococcus aureus show a markedly greater susceptibihty to its action than Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (205). Thiram has been used ia disiafectant soaps. 

Pseudomonas aeruginosa two agents with differing mechanisms of actions, such as an oral quin-olone plus ceftazidime, cefepime tobramycir% or piperacillin... 

Efforts to overcome the actions of the p-lactamases have led to the development of such p-lactamase inhibitors as clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam. They are called suicide inhibitors because they permanently bind when they inactivate p-lactamases. Among the p-lactamase inhibitors, only clavulanic acid is available for oral use. Chemical inhibition of p-lactamases, however, is not a permanent solution to antibiotic resistance, since some p-lactamases are resistant to clavulanic acid, tazobactam, or sulbactam. Enzymes resistant to clavulanic acid include the cephalosporinases produced by Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 

It is obtained from Micromonospora pupurea. It has broader spectrum of action and is effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Proteus. Streptococci and enterococci are relatively resistant to it owing to failure of the drug to penetrate into the cell. Following parenteral administration, it defuses mainly into extracellular fluids. 

U V-resonance Raman spectroscopy is not only used for bacterial identification but also to study the influence of antibiotics on bacterial cells. The mode of action of amikacin on Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells was studied by Lopez-Diez et al. [83], Neugebauer et al. monitored the effect of ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin on the chemical composition of B. purnilus and Staphylococcus epidermidis [62, 84],... 

Chakrabarty et al. (1989) selected several antihistamines for detection of antibacterial action [15]. According to them, promethazine was the most powerful and significant antimicrobial. The authors observed that in staphylococci, shigellae, and vibrios the MIC of promethazine varied between 100 and 200 xg/ml. Although one strain of Escherichia coli was sensitive at 50 xg/ml, the others were resistant. With respect to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, and Providencia spp., the MIC of promethazine was always >200 pg/ml (Table 7). 

The antimicrobial properties of silver and its salts have been discussed in various books [14, 16-18] and particular reference must be made to Grier s review in 1983 [15]. Ag usually used in the form of silver nitrate, is bacteriostatic or bactericidal [19-29], antifungal [30-32], protozoicidal [33] and lethal to herpes simplex virus [34]. However, bacterial spores [19], cysts of Entamoeba histolytica [19] and mycobacteria [35] are not killed by Ag. Brown and Anderson [20] observed a non-linear order of death in Pseudomonas aeruginosa exposed to Ag, whereas Ricketts et al. [22] reported a rapid bactericidal action of Ag in water, but not in broth, at concentrations of silver nitrate of 0.5 and 1 pg/ml (2.9 x 10 and 5.8 x 10 M, respectively) with inactivation at concentrations above 1 p.g/ml being too fast for measurement. 

While many natural products have been tested against hundreds of different strains of bacteria, the most common bacteria used in susceptibility tests include Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtillis, Chlamydia pneumonia, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Helicobacter pylori [18, 19], As the amount of published data describing the in vitro, in vivo and clinical antibacterial activities of natural products is so vast it could easily fill a book (or two), this review focuses only on natural products for which there is in vitro, in vivo and some clinical antibacterial data, as well as a plausible mechanism of action. 

The bacterial RNase, barnase, linked to Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A or to a non-toxic deletion mutant of the toxin lacking the enzymatic domain, was found to be toxic to cells to a greater extent than either component alone (Prior et al., 1991 1992). A C-terminal KDEL sequence was required for toxicity. Cells resistant to the intracellular action of the toxin were also sensitive to the fusion protein. This... 

Some steroid transformations, which are difficult to achieve by ordinary chemical means may also be accomplished readily by microbiological methods. Salicylic acid may be obtained in a 94% yield, on a weight for weight basis, by the action of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on naphthalene [69] (Eq. 16.25). 

UUmann, U., and Lindemann, B., In vitro investigations on the action of fosfomycin alone and in combination with other antibiotics on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens, Arzneim. Forsch., 30, 1247, 1980. 

Other examples are some Pseudomonas aeruginosa O-specific polysaccharides containing amino and diamino derivatives of uronic acids. Thus, the polysaccharide (30) ofLanyi serotype 0 3a, 3d under the action of HF for 3 h at 20° underwent strictly selective cleavage - at the glycosidic linkages of A -acetylfucosamine, to give the trisaccharide 31 in practically quantitative yield. 

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