Bactericidal action

The unique property of quats is the abHity to produce bacteriostasis in very high dilution (Table 6). Because of this abHity, and the carryover of the disinfectant in early test procedures, it was originally thought that these compounds were highly bactericidal. However, for bactericidal action, 10 to 20 times the concentration is required. The quats have a narrower antibacterial spectmm than the phenols, and are much more active against gram-positive... 

Chondrodendron polyanthum, 371 Chondrodendron tomentosum, 363, 371, 373, 377, 391 alkaloids, 376 Chondrodine, 363, 364 Chondrofoline, 364, 365 Chrycentrine, 172, 313 Chiysanthemine, 773 Chrysanthemum cineraricefoHum, 773 Chuchuara, 781 Chuehuhuasha, 781 Cicuta virosa, 13 Cinchamidine, 419, 429 Cinchene, 439 Cinchenine, 438, 439, 440 apoCinchenine, 440, 441 Cincholoipon, 438 Cincholoiponic acid, 438, 443 Cinchomeronic acid, 183 Cinchona alkaloid structure, synthesis, 457 Cinchona alkaloids, bactericidal action of some derivatives, 478 centres of asymmetry, 445 constitution, 435 formulae and characters of transformation products, 449, 451 general formula, 443 hydroxydihydro-bases, 448, 452-4 melting-points and specific rotations, 446... 

Disinfectant. This term implies a substance with bactericidal action. Clearly, if an environment is to be made free fiom the ability to reinfect, its bacterial population must be destroyed. A detailed description of the meaning of the terms disinfectant and disinfection is provided in Chapter 10. 

It is doubtful if there is a difference other than degree between bacteriostatic and bactericidal action. The three situations, growth, bacteriostasis and killing, are represented graphically in Fig. 11.1. The question posed by this notion, to which often there is no precise answer, is How long will a culture of bacteria remain viable when prevented from reproducing ... 

E. Klarmann, V.A. Shtemov and L.W. Gates, The alkyl derivatives of halogen phenols and their bactericidal action. I. Chlorophenols. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 55 (1933) 2576-2589. 

Rifaximin, a nonabsorbable derivative of rifamycin, has shown promising bactericidal action against both aerobes and anaerobes, such as bacterioides, lactobacilli and clostridia [33, 34], The development of resistance to this antibiotic can occur, but resistant strains rapidly disappear from the intestine thus allowing cyclic administration of rifaximin. Controlled clinical trials showed efficacy of rifaximin in adult and pediatric patients with infectious diarrhea [36,37], hepatic encephalopathy [38], post-surgical complications [39] and colonic diverticulosis [40], Only recently was the efficacy of rifaximin in the treatment of SIBO demonstrated [41-43]. 

They ion-selectively uncouple oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria [115, 140], resulting in their bactericidal action [68]. 

Jones RN, Huynh HK, Biedenbach DJ, Fritsche TR, Sader HS. (2004) Doripenem (S-4661), a novel carbapenem Comparative activity against contemporary pathogens including bactericidal action and preliminary in vitro methods evaluations. J Antimicrob Chemother 54 144—154. 

Pyrazinamide exerts a bactericidal action by an unknown mechanism. It is given orally. Pyrazinamide may impair liver function hyperuricemia results from inhibition of renal urate elimination. 

This comprises a copolymer containing 72 to 95 wt.% of ethylene and 28 to 5 wt.% of vinyl acetate and a small amount of organic composite having a bactericidal action contained therein, which is composed mainly of N,N-dimethyl-N -phenyl-N -(fluorodichloromethylthio)sulphamide, 1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-on, diiodomethyl-p-tolylsulphone and methyl(benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate. It is suitable as cushioning material for floors and walls and as a material for building blocks and babies toys. 

Lincosamides (lincomycin and clindamycin) are representatives of a very small group of drugs synthesized up of an amino acid bound to an amino sugar. Lincosamides bind with the 50 S ribosomal subunit of bacteria and inhibit protein synthesis. They also inhibit pep-tidyltransferase action. Lincosamides are bacteriostatic antibiotics however, when they reach a certain level in the plasma, they also exhibit bactericidal action against some bacteria. Lincosamides are highly active against anaerobic infections such as Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Actinomyces, Propionibacterium, and Clostridium fringens, a few types of Peptococcus and Clostridium. 

Norfloxacin possesses a broad spectrum of bactericidal action. It is highly active with respect to most Gram-negative and a few Gram-positive microorganisms. Anaerobic... 

Isoniazid, the hydrazide of isonicotinic acid was introduced into medical practice for treating tuberculosis in 1953. Isoniazid exhibits bactericidal action on Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It inhibits the synthesis of mycoUc acid, an important component of the cell membrane of mycobacteria. Mycolic acid is specific only to mycobacteria, and it is the cause of the selective toxicity of the drag with respect to these microorganisms. 

Pharmacology Aztreonam, a synthetic bactericidal antibiotic, is the first of a class identified as monobactams. The monobactams have a monocyclic -lactam nucleus. Aztreonam s bactericidal action results from the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis because of a high affinity of aztreonam for penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP3). 

Uses Suppress/eluninate bacteriuria associated w/ chronic/recurrent UTI Action Converted to formaldehyde ammonia in acidic urine nonspecific bactericidal action Dose Adults. Hippurate 0.5-1 g bid. Mandelate 1 g qid PO pc hs Peds 6-12 y. Hippurate 25-50 mg/kg/d PO bid. Mandelate 50-75 mg/kg/d PO qid (take w/ food, ascorbic acid w/ adequate hydration) Caution [C, +] Contra Renal insuff, severe hepatic Dz, severe dehydration sulfonamide allergy Disp Tabs SE Rash, GI upset, dysuria, t LFTs EMS Monitor BP for hypovolemia and dehydration OD Sxs unknown symptomatic and supportive... 

Hydrogen peroxide is nsed in the food industry due to its bactericidal action it... 

There is some evidence that bismuth subsalicylate can be effective in travelers diarrhea due to Escherichia coli and for nonspecific diarrhea by such mechanisms as binding bacterial toxins, bactericidal action and local anti-inflammatory effects. 

Silver sulfadiazine, a sulfonamide, is used for the management of infected burns. The occurrence of sulfonamide hypersensitivity is a serious risk though and this agent should be reserved for selected cases. Its activity is probably based on the bactericidal action of silver which is released but absorbed only to a negligible extend. The sulfonamide is well absorbed and appreciable blood levels are reached when large areas are treated. 

Broad spectrum therapy is started on an empirical basis. Intra-abdominal infections can be treated by ampicillin (or amoxycillin) or clindamycin combined with aminoglycosides, penicillin-beta-lacta-mase inhibitors such as amoxycillin-clavulanic acid or a second or third generation cephalosporin combined with metronidazole are good alternatives. In patients with impaired immunity and/or prior use of antibiotics, i.e. when it is reasonable to expect resistant pathogens, a broad spectrum penicillin plus beta-lactamase inhibitor or a carbapenem can be used empirically in monotherapy. In septic patients, the rapidly bactericidal action of aminoglycosides is useful. Aminoglycosides should preferentially not be given for more than 3-5 days. 

Davis BD (1987) Mechanism of bactericidal action of aminoglycosides. Microbiol Rev 51 341-350 Davis BD, Chen LL, Tai PC (1986) Misread protein creates membrane channels an essential step in the bactericidal action of aminoglycosides. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83 6164-6168 Dean N (1995) Yeast glycosylation mutants are sensitive to aminoglycosides. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92 1287-1291... 

Certain antiseptic and therapeutic agents (such as sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, strontium chloride, urea, dibasic ammonium phosphate, are used in dentrifrices for their anticarcinogenic, bacteriostatic and bactericidal actions. 

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