Proton exchange membrane composite

Kim Y S, Hickner M A, Dong L, Pivovar B S and McGrath J E (2004), Snlfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymer proton exchange membranes composition and morphology effects on the methanol permeability , J Membr Sci, 243, 317-326. 

These main objectives can be reached only by modifying the structures and compositions of primarily the anode (methanol electrode) and secondarily the cathode (oxygen electrode) as discussed in Sections 111 and IV, respectively. In addition. Section IV discusses the conception of new proton exchange membranes with lower methanol permeability in order to improve the cathode characteristics. Section V deals with the progress in the development of DMFCs, while in Section VI the authors attempt to make a prognosis on the status of DMFC R D and its potential applications. 

This survey focuses on recent developments in catalysts for phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC), proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), and the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). In PAFC, operating at 160-220°C, orthophosphoric acid is used as the electrolyte, the anode catalyst is Pt and the cathode can be a bimetallic system like Pt/Cr/Co. For this purpose, a bimetallic colloidal precursor of the composition Pt50Co30Cr20 (size 3.8 nm) was prepared by the co-reduction of the corresponding metal salts [184-186], From XRD analysis, the bimetallic particles were found alloyed in an ordered fct-structure. The elecbocatalytic performance in a standard half-cell was compared with an industrial standard catalyst (bimetallic crystallites of 5.7 nm size) manufactured by co-precipitation and subsequent annealing to 900°C. The advantage of the bimetallic colloid catalysts lies in its improved durability, which is essential for PAFC applicabons. After 22 h it was found that the potential had decayed by less than 10 mV [187],... 

There are two main types of thin-film catalyst layers catalyst-coated gas diffusion electrode (CCGDL), in which the CL is directly coated on a gas diffusion layer or microporous layer, and catalyst-coated membrane, in which the CL is directly coated on the proton exchange membrane. In the following sections, these catalyst layers will be further classified according to their composition and structure. 

Fenton, J. M., Mittal, V. O. and Kunz, H. R. 2007. Durability and degradation of Nation and Nation composite membranes in working PEM fuel cells. In Advances in materials for proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems, Pacific Grove, CA, Feb. 18-21. 

Adjemian, K. T., Lee, S. J., Srinivasan, S., Benzieger, J. and Bocarsly, A. B. 2002. Silicon oxide Nation composite membranes for proton-exchange membrane fuel cell operation at 80-140°C. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 149 A256-A261. 

Besmann, T.M. et al., Carbon/carbon composite bipolar plate for proton exchange membrane fuel cells, J. Electrochem. Soc., 147, 4083, 2000. 

Herring, A. M., Inorganic-Polymer Composite Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Enel Cells. Polymer Reviews 2006,46, (3), 245 - 296... 

Zhang, Y. (2007) Studies on sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) and its composite membrane for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Ph.D. Thesis, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P.R. China. 

IV.B.5 Research and Development on an Ultra-Thin Composite Membrane For High-Temperature Operation in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells... 

Based on the literature survey, no membranes or MEAs reported so far can achieve all the above required goals. This research is directed at developing novel high-temperature, composite proton exchange membrane-electrolyte assemblies for PEMFC for building applications. 

M. L. Hill, Y. S. Kim, B. R. Einsla, and J. E. McGrath. Zirconium hydrogen phosphate/disulfonatedpoly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymer composite membranes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J. Membr ScL, 283(1-2) 102-108, October 2006. 

H. Zhang, J. h. Pang, D. Wang, A. Li, X. Li, and Z. Jiang. Sulfonated poly-(arylene ether nitrile ketone) and its composite with phosphotungstic acid as materials for proton exchange membranes. J. Membr. Set, 264(l-2) 56-64, November 2005. 

Jeffcoate CS, Gershun AV, Woyciesjes PM, Marinho FJ (2003) Heat transfer composition for fuel cell assembly, e.g. proton exchange membrane fuel cell, comprises alcohol, polyalkene oxide, additive, and water. United States Patent Number US 7,481,948 B2... 

Kim HY, Kang MS, Lee DH, Won JG (2007) Proton exchange membrane with high cell performance based on Naflon/poly(p-phenylene vinylene) composite polymer electrolyte. J Membr Sci 304 60-64... 

Damay F, Klein LC (2003) Transport properties of Nafion composite membranes for proton-exchange membranes fuel cells. Solid State Ion 162-163 261-267... 

Binsu VV, Nagarale RK, Shahi VK (2005) Phosphonic acid functionalized aminopropyl triethoxysilane-PVA composite material organic-inorganic hybrid proton-exchange membranes in aqueous media. J Mater (Them 15 4823 831... 

Chen-Yang YW, Htmg TF, Huang J, Yang FL (2007) Novel single-layer gas diffusion layer based on PTFE/carbon black composite for proton exchange membrane fuel cell. J Power... 

Kim M, Yu HN, Lim JW, Lee DG (2012) Bipolar plates made of plain weave carbon/epoxy composite for proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Int J Hydrogen Energy 37 4300 308... 

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