Composite electrolytes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

7 Composite electrolytes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells 

Recently Marechal et found that four water molecules are involved in ion-pair solvation of Nafion membranes. In Nafion , which is the most advanced proton-conducting membrane, the drastic decrease in proton 

An important focus for PEMFC research is developing a PEM (proton exchange membrane) which has satisfactory proton conductivity at higher temperatures (above 100 °C) and low relative humidity/ because cells that can operate in such conditions have a number of advantages over lower temperature cells  

To benefit from these advantages, it is now becoming clear that pure ionomer membranes are not suitable, and new types of proton-conducting membranes that work at temperatures higher than 100 °C have to be developed. There are currently three principal polymer electrolyte types proposed for high temperature PEMFCs  

Thermally stable anhydrous proton-conducting membranes involve membranes based on (i) acid-base composite membranes, i.e. acid blended with polymers containing Lewis base moieties, namely H3PO4/PBI (polybenz- 

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