Dementia amyloid precursor protein

Alzheimer s disease in which the pathogenicity of amyloid peptides depends on proteases, namely secretases, involved in amyloid precursor protein (APP) maturation. This chapter will describe how the proteolysis of chemokines might participate in the neuropathogenesis of HIV infection, thus contributing to the development of the central nervous system disorder termed HIV-associated dementia (HAD). 

In the early onset familial form of the disease, affecting approximately 5% of cases, there is a clear autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Mutations in three genes have been identified involving the beta amyloid precursor protein, presenilin-1 and presenilin-2. The function of these proteins is described in more detail in the chapter on the dementias (Chapter 14). It has been estimated that mutations in these genes account for approximately 50% of the cases of the early onset disease. 

Borroni B, Colciaghi F, Caltagirone C, et al. Platelet amyloid precursor protein abnormalities in mild cognitive impairment predict conversion to dementia of Alzheimer type A 2-year follow-up study. Arch Neurol 2003 60(12) 1740-1744. 

Alzheimer s disease (AD) along with vascular and mixed dementia is the commonest form of dementia affecting older people and accounts for 60-65% of dementia cases, whereas vascular dementia and mixed dementia account for 15-20% of the cases each (1). The Brain of individuals with AD manifest two characteristic lesions senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of the hyperphosphorylated tau protein (2). The amyloid fi-protein (Afi) is the principal component of the senile plaques. It is a peptide of 39-43 amino acids, derived from a larger precursor, the amyloid precursor protein (APP) (Fig. 1). 

Keywords Active vaccination Alzheimer s disease Amyloid Amyloid precursor protein Antibody titer Beta-pleated sheet Cerebral amyloid angiopathy Dementia Immunotherapy Monoclonal antibody Passive vaccination Senility... 

Vassar R, Bennett BD, Babu-Khan S, Kahn S, Mendiaz EA, Denis P, Teplow DB, Ross S, Amarante P, Loeloflf R, et al (1999) f -Secretase cleavage of Alzheimer s amyloid precursor protein by transmembrane aspartic protease BACE. Science 286 735-741 Vaughan CJ (2003) Prevention of stroke and dementia with statins effects beyond lipid lowering. Am J Cardiol 9E23B-29B... 

Amyloid beta (AP), 2283, 3712-3716, 3220 Amyloid plaques, 2283 Amyloid precursor protein (APP), 3714, 3715 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-Parkinsonism dementia, 41 Amyris, 722 Anabaena, 47, 58 A. circinalis, 59 A. crassa, 52 A. flos-aquae, 42, 52 A. lemmermannii, 52 Anabaseine, 1347 Anaerobic conditions, 1609 Anaerobic cultivation, 2443 Analgesic, 1389, 4119, 4122,4131, 4150 and anesthetic activities, 1508 effect, 4122... 

To this list of protein misfolding diseases can be added rare familial amyloidoses in which the mutated proteins have the classic amyloid fibril congophilic birefringence and cross-(3-sheet structure (Table 3). Many of these deposits have an impact on the central nervous system (TTR, cystatin, lysozyme) as well as on other organ systems. A newly described disease, familial British dementia, is associated with the deposition of Abri, a 34 amino acid, 4 kDa peptide cleaved from a 277 amino acid precursor sequence, the last 10 amino acids of which are not normally translated [52]. Familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies (FENIB) is... 

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