Protein constituents

II manufacture enzymatically by epimer-i/common protein constituent, ] -alanine, taken up... 

The matrix metalloendoproteinases (MMPs or matrixins) are a family of zinc and calcium dependent extracellular proteases that collectively degrade most of the protein constituents of the extracellular matrix [9]. There are at least 23 members of this family and are divided primarily on the basis of sequence homology and substrate specificity into the following grouping collagenases (MMP-1, -8, -13, -18) gelatinases... 

The above classification and the following description of some of the properties of the carbohydrate constituents of these substances are not exhaustive but are intended primarily to focus attention on them and to illustrate the nature of the problems awaiting study. It is rather remarkable that comparatively few investigations have yet been carried out on their protein constituents, but on attempting structural studies it must be realized that one encounters all the difficulties inherent in protein chemistry with the added complication of the presence of complex carbohydrate molecules. 

In this group we place mainly the neutral bacterial slimes and reserve carbohydrates. They are better defined products than those previously dealt with and as such may of course be regarded as true polysaccharides. Invariably, however, saponification methods are required to rid them of protein residues and to make them water-soluble. The more soluble mold polysaccharides appear to lose their protein constituents by autolytic processes during the longer periods required for mold metabolism. Mold slime production can, however, readily be demonstrated on a solid medium. It is proposed here to give briefly some of the types of structure known in the group. 

Additional protein constituents of the intrinsic cascade include prekallikrein, an 88 kDa protein zymogen of the protease kallikrein, and high molecular mass kininogen, a 150 kDa plasma glycoprotein that serves as an accessory factor. 

Protein A and protein G are bacterial proteins (constituents bacterial cell wall) that bind with high affinity to the Fc portion of various classes and subclasses of immunoglobulins from a variety of species. The use of protein A and protein G in immunohistochemistry is based on the same principle as that using secondary anti-IgG antibodies in indirect two-step approach. 

Y. Lavie and M. Liscovitch. Changes in lipid and protein constituents of rafts and caveolae in multidrug resistant cancer cells and their functional consequences. Glycoconj. J. 17 253-259 (2000). 

One of the key intentions of genomic researches is to discover and functionally illnstrate the protein constituents of the hnman orgatusm, thus providing a valuable basis for therapeutic intervention into pathophysiological mechanisms, currently... 

Collectively, the MMP are capable of degrading all of the major protein constituents of the extracellular matrix. The interstitial collagenases that are the focus of this review dissolve collagen fibrils by making a single scission across all three a. chains at a specific, sensitive locus of exposed type I, II... 

Slow warming of a cold viscous solution is a particularly effective way of generating bubbles. Should this prove to be the case, buffers can be degassed by centrifugation at 400-500 g for 10 min or by briefly warming the cold solution (obviously minus any protein constituents) to 60-70°C for 5 min. Centrifugation offers the advantage... 

W2. Walford, R. L., Sowa, M., and Daley, P., Stability of protein, enzyme and non-protein constituents of stored frozen plasma. Amer. J. Clin. Pathol. 26, 376-380 (1966). 

The protein constituent—globin—of haemoglobin has always been regarded as a histone, but the presence of only 20 per cent, of diamino... 

Fig. 2A, B Global (A) vs targeted (B) proteomics. In a global proteomics approach, all the protein constituents of a cell are isolated and subjected to 2D PAGE. In a targeted proteomics experiment, only a subset of proteins is analyzed. An example is the complex that is formed between a transmembrane receptor and cytoplasmic signaling proteins upon ligand activation of the receptor...

Apoliprotein. Any of the protein constituents of lipoproteins, grouped by function in four classes A, B, C, and E (the former apolipoprotein [apo] D is now apo A-111). Apoptosis. Fragmentation of a cell into membrane-bound particles that are eliminated by phagocytosis. Programmed cell death. 

A significantly higher amoimt of protein is found in beans from South Africa compared to beans from Botswana. The amount of protein in beans from Namibia is between the contents from the two other countries (Holse et al., 2010). The variation in protein content might be due to different concentration of nitrogen in the soils. Bower et al. (1988) found that globulins are the most abimdant (53%) protein constituents in morama beans. The beans furthermore consist of albumins (23.3%), prolamins (15.5%), alkali soluble glutelins (7.7%), and acid-soluble glutelins (0.5%). 

Gelatin is obtained by heating collagen (the major intercellular protein constituent of the entire connective tissue of animal skins and bones) with water or dilute hydrochloric acid. Its production differs from that of glue in that (he raw materials are selected, cleaned and treated with especial care, so that the resulting product is practically Colotless... 

The contribution of mass spectrometry to the biosciences, especially in proteomics (the determination of the protein constituents of a cell or organism) of individual components and the quantitative definition of cellular processes, was reviewed by Gaskell.68... 

Fontaine et al. (31) presented data comparing the solubility behavior of proteins of peanut and cottonseed meals, proteins of corresponding dialyzed meals, and isolated proteins. While the shapes of the pH/solubility curves for cottonseed and peanut meals differed, the response of proteins to the removal of dialyzable meal constituents was similar. Data indicated the presence of natural materials in both meals which decreased the solubility of meal nitrogen at certain acid pH values but exerted no effect at alkaline pH values. Thus procedures for solubilizing proteins by treatment with proteolytic enzymes should also be designed with consideration of the influence of non-protein constituents. 

The biochemical processes accompanying maturation appear to begin early in the development of the enamel at a time when the organic matrix and its protein constituents are immature. If consists of the selective loss and the selective retention of certain components from the enamel suggesting protein and/or peptide degradation or depolymerization. 

Hotta, S. Infra-red spectra and conformation of protein constituing the nacreous layer of molluscan shell. Earth Sci. Tokyo 23, 133 (1969)... 

Animal organisms generally require effective assistance of intestinal flora, as in ruminants, to assimilate inorganic nitrogen into body protein. This accounts for the human needs of a daily requirement of 70-80 grams of protein, However, over half of the protein-constituent amino adds can be derived from other amino acids by their own enzymic reactions. Thus, amino acids are classified as essential or nonessential. Amino acid requirements vary with the physiological state of the animal, age. and possibly with the nature of the intestinal flora. 

The more profound and extensive effect of immobilized heparin on the blood clotting system observed in the presence of immobilized trypsin is due to the tryptic lysis of the protein constituents of the complexes of immobilized heparin with the most thrombogenic plasma proteins (thrombin and fibrinogen) (Fig. 11). 

The most abundant amino acids are those that are protein constituents and these are always a-amino acids. However, there are many other amino acids that occur naturally in living systems that are not constituents of proteins, and are not a-amino acids. Many of these are rare, but others are common and play important roles in cellular metabolism. For example, 3-aminopropanoic acid is a precursor in the biosynthesis of the vitamin, pantothenic acid,2... 

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