Cell programmed

J. M. Advanced Technology Fuel Cell Programs, EPRl EE-335, Research Project 114-1, Final Report, Power Systems Division, United... 

Snapshots of the development of a cell program into a French flag. 

Marina O and Stevenson J. SOFC Anode Materials Development at PNNL. In 2004 Office of Fossil Energy Fuel Cell Program Annual Report, Office of Fossil Energy, U.S. Department of Energy, 2004 90-92. 

Efforts continue to improve fuel cell technology and utilization which should reduce costs. The General Motors fuel cell program aims at having a commercial fuel cell vehicle by 2010. Volume production of fuel cell cars should reduce costs, but one Department of Energy projection with a production of 500,000 vehicles a year still has the cost too high. 

If there is any technology on the horizon with the potential to replace the IC engine, iVs fuel cells. Almost every automaker has a fuel cell program underway, and over the years, fuel cells have shrunk to one-tenth their original size. Energy output has risen by a factor of five in this time period. 

The joint government-industry fuel cell program is aimed at giving the world s power industry a revolutionary new option for generating electricity with efficiencies, reliabilities, and environmental performance beyond conventional electricity generation. 

While first generation fuel cells continued to be of interest, the present goal of the DOE s Fossil Energy fuel cell program is to develop low cost fuel cells. The target cost is 400 per kilowatt or less, which is significantly lower than today s fuel cell products. It is expected that lower cost fuel cells will result in more widespread utilization. 

States that have major fuel cell programs include New York (NYSER-DA), Connecticut (Connecticut Clean Energy Fund), Ohio (Ohio Development Department), and California (California Energy Commission). 

Recent customers have obtained a Federal Grant rebate of l,000/kW as the result of the Climate Change Fuel Cell Program. The PC-25 program also has received the support of the U.S. military, which installed 30 units at government facilities. 

K. Yokota, et al., "GOI 11 MW FC Plant Operation Interim Report," in Fuel Cell Program and Abstracts, 1992 Fuel Cell Seminar, Tucson, AZ, November 29-December 2, 1992. 

E. T. Ong, R.A. Donado, K.E. Hrdina, IGT, "Copper-Based Anode," in Fuel Cell Program and Abstracts, 1990 Fuel Cell Seminar, November 25-28, 1990, Phoenix, AR, Pgs. 314-317. 

H. Maru et al., "ERC Direct Carbonate Fuel Cell Program Overview," DOE Contractor s Review Meeting, Morgantown, WV, August 26-28, 1997. 

W.J. Dollard, J.T. Brown, "Overview of the Westinghouse Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Program," Fuel Cell Abstracts, 1986 Fuel Cell Seminar, Tucson, AZ, Oct. 26-29, 1986. 

Program Overview," P. Devlin, DOE-OTT and R. Sutton, ANL, DOE Fuels for Fuel Cell Program, 2000. 

J.C. Stephens, K. Gardner, and R. Jacobs, US Army CECOM Fuel Cell Program, presented at the World Association for Case Method Research and Application, Lucerne, Switzerland, Jannary 5-7, 2000. 

J. Milliken, The DOE Transportation Fuel Cell Program Recent Accomplishments and Future Plans, U.S. Dept, of Energy, Office of Transportation Technologies. Questions and Answers - California Fuel Cell Partnership, www.drivingthefuture.org. 

U. S. DOE, Fuel Cell Program Plans, published each Fiscal Year by U. S. Department of Energy, Assistant Secretary of Fossil Energy ... 

METI Much of Japan s hydrogen and fuel cell program is guided and funded by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI). 

The publicly-funded fuel cell research program started in 1985, with the main activities performed at the Energy research Centre ofthe Netherlands (ECN). Between 1985 and 2001, about 100 million was invested by mixed public-private funds in the development of fuel cell and hydrogen energy. The objectives ofthe Dutch fuel cell programs were initially oriented to the application of coal gas in MCFC based systems. The MCFC activities were terminated in 2001, after an evaluation failed to indicate its commercial viability with natural gas. Afterwards, the activities shifted to SOFC and PEM technology for high efficient conversion of natural gas in small-scale decentralised units. 

Fuel Cells for Defence Application. This R D Fuel Cell Program for defence applications has the main objective of analyzing current fuel cells and reformers and promoting their integration in mobile and stationary defence applications. Work will include and diesel and ethanol reformers. 

D. Shekhawat, D.A. Berry and T.H. Gardner, U.S. DOE Office of Fossil Energy, Fuel Cell Program Annual Report, 2004, pp. 141-146. 

E-mail Address FuelCell erdc.usace.army.mil Web Address www.dodfuelcell.com DoD Fuel Cell provides information about the Department of Defense s fuel cell program, which is sponsored by the Army Corps of Engineers. 

In view of the abundance of natural gas resources found since the 1980s, and natural gas being a considerably cleaner fuel than petroleum or coal for the fuel processors, the main goals of the major worldwide fuel cell programs are to develop fuel cell power plants and portable power sources using natural gas or natural gas-derived fuel cells. A chart of all types of fuel cells, using natural gas as a fuel, is presented in Scheme 9.2 the applications being considered for the different types of fuel... 

S. Chalk, J. F. Miller, and S. R. Venkataswaren, paper presented at Fifth Grove Fuel Cell Symposium, London, 1997. A review of the fuel cell programs of the U.S. Dept, of Energy. 

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