Propylene-graft-maleic anhydride

Xu, W., Liand, G., Wang, W., Tang, S., He, R, and Pan, W.-P. 2003. Poly(propylene)-poly(propylene)-grafted maleic anhydride-organic montmoriUonite (PP-PP-g-MAH-Org-MMT) nanocomposites. II. Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics. 

Paramesvaranpillai Jyotishknmar, Joseph George, Chellappan V. Resmi, Zahakariah K. Ajesh, and Hameed Nishar. The effect of propylene-graft-maleic anhydride on the morphology and dynamic mechanical properties of polypropylene/polystyrene blends. J. Polym. Res. 22 no. 2 (2015) 2. 

It should be noted that although the quaternary ammonium is nominally chosen as the modifier to compatibilize the cationic clays with the polymer matrix, this does not refer to the processing aids or compatibilizers that help disperse the clay particle into the polymer matrix and set up the PN structure the compatibilizers may not necessarily be part of the interface between the polymer and the clay. For instance, the graft copolymer of ethylene or propylene with maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA or PP-g-MA) has proven to be an excellent compatibilizer/disperser for the PE/ or PP/ clay nanocomposite,47 but the graft copolymer is not part of the interface of the modified clay. 

Polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride. See Propylene/MA copolymer Poly (propylene oxide). See Polypropylene glycol... 

Synonyms Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene Polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride Propylene/maleic anhydride copolymer... 

B1 and B2 ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers containing about 0.7 and 1.2 wt.% grafted maleic anhydride, respectively. 

Studies by Ravikumar et al. (2005) show that PTT/ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) blends are irrmriscible, which is supported by an increase in the free volume and constancy in crystallinity of PTT with increasing EPDM content and the use of ethylene propylene monomer grafted maleic anhydride as compatibilizer is found to produce significant improvement in properties by modifying the interface of the blends. 

EOR-g-MA Ethylene-octene rubber grafted maleic anhydride EPDM Ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer EPDM-g-MA Ethylene-propylene-diene grafted maleic anhydride EPR Ethylene-propylene rubber... 

EPR-g-MA Ethylene-propylene rubber grafted maleic anhydride... 

In one study, rPP and recycled polyethylene (rPE) were blended with two compatibilisers, polyethylene-grafted-maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA) and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) copolymer, and OMMT [56]. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs showed that the blend with EPDM exhibited a better compatibilisation than PE-g-MA. The presence of OMMT caused an increase of the storage modulus and loss modulus additionally, OMMT improved the thermal stability. 

Another important use of BCl is as a Ftiedel-Crafts catalyst ia various polymerisation, alkylation, and acylation reactions, and ia other organic syntheses (see Friedel-Crafts reaction). Examples include conversion of cyclophosphasenes to polymers (81,82) polymerisation of olefins such as ethylene (75,83—88) graft polymerisation of vinyl chloride and isobutylene (89) stereospecific polymerisation of propylene (90) copolymerisation of isobutylene and styrene (91,92), and other unsaturated aromatics with maleic anhydride (93) polymerisation of norhornene (94), butadiene (95) preparation of electrically conducting epoxy resins (96), and polymers containing B and N (97) and selective demethylation of methoxy groups ortho to OH groups (98). 

Els and McGill [48] reported the action of maleic anhydride on polypropylene-polyisoprene blends. A graft copolymer was found in situ through the modifier, which later enhanced the overall performance of the blend. Scott and Macosko [49] studied the reactive and nonreactive compatibilization of nylon-ethylene-propylene rubber blends. The nonreactive polyamide-ethylene propylene blends showed poor interfacial adhesion between the phases. The reactive polyamide-ethylene propylene-maleic anhydride modified blends showed excellent adhesion and much smaller dispersed phase domain size. 

Ethylene-Propylene Copolymers Grafted with Maleic Anhydride.399... 

ETHYLENE-PROPYLENE COPOLYMERS GRAFTED WITH MALEIC ANHYDRIDE... 

FIGURE 13.3 Mechanism of (multiple) grafting of maleic anhydride onto methine and methylene units of ethylene-propylene copol3mier (EPM). 

FIGURE 13.4 Schematic representation of maleic anhydride graft-rich clusters in maleated ethylene-propylene copolymers (EPMs). 

Figure 14.9 Effect of various impact modifiers (25wt%) on the notched Izod impact strength of recycled PET (as moulded and annealed at 150°C for 16 h) E-GMA, glycidyl-methacrylate-functionalized ethylene copolymer E-EA-GMA, ethylene-ethyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate (72/20/8) terpolymer E-EA, ethylene-ethyl acrylate EPR, ethylene propylene rubber MA-GPR, maleic anhydride grafted ethylene propylene rubber MBS, poly(methyl methacrylate)-g-poly(butadiene/styrene) BuA-C/S, poly(butyl acrylate-g-poly(methyl methacrylate) core/shell rubber. Data taken from Akkapeddi etal. [26]...

Actually, ABS can be considered as an impact modifier for PC. PC/ABS blends have been compatibilized with both maleic anhydride (MA)-grafted poly(propylene) (PP) and a solid epoxy resin of the bisphenol A type. Both compatibilizers are effective for formulations of an ABS content up to 30%. The the impact strength of the compatibilized blends was close to that of PC. However, above 40% ABS content, the impact strength decreases significantly (19). 

In addition, borane-containing POs can be prepared by copolymerization of olefin with borane monomers or by hydroboration of polyolefins including unsaturated groups, such as olefin-divinylbenzene copolymer and olefin-diene copolymers. Many kinds of graft copolymers, such as poly-elhylene-gra/f-poly( vinyl alcohol), PE-g-PMMA, polypropylcnc-gra/f-poly-(maleicanhydride-co-styrene), polypropylene-gra/f-poly(methacrylic acid), polypropylene-gra/f-poly(vinyl alcohol), polypropylene-gra/f-polycaprolac-tone (PP-g-PCL), polypropylcnc-gra/f-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PP-g-PMMA), poly( ethylene-co-propylene)-gra/f-poly(methyl methacrylate) (EPR-g-PMMA), and poly(ethylene-co-propylene)-gra/f-poly(maleic anhydride-costyrene), have been synthesized by such a method resulting in controllable composition and molecular microstructures [63-66]. 

XS = sulfonation, M = methylolation, MO = miscellaneous oxidation, G = grafting, P = phenolation, CM = carboxymethylation, MAC = maleic anhydride copolymerization, MCR = miscellaneous carboxyla-tion reactions, E = epichlorohydrin (also in conjunction with pheno-lated lignin), A = alkoxylation (i.e., ethylene, propylene, and butylene oxides), M+EP = modification with compounds containing unsaturated end groups ( divalent hydrocarbons ) followed by epoxidation with peroxide, MA = methacrylic acid. 

PP/PA6 s-caprolactam and maleic anhydride grafted poly(propylene)... 

The same technique can be used to dye a material that is otherwise difficult to dye. An ethylene-propylene copolymer rubber was reacted first with maleic anhydride, then with an aromatic amine dye in an extruder to produce a dyed rubber.81 Dye sites can also be inserted into polyolefins by grafting them with dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, using azo or peroxide catalysts in an extruder.82 jV-Vinylimidazole has been grafted to polyethylene in an extruder with the help of dicumylperoxide.83 The product was mixed with an acrylic acid-modified polypropylene and used to compatibilize polyethylene and polypropylene. This could be helpful in the recycling of mixed polyolefins from municipal solid waste. Recycling of cross-linked (thermoset) polymers is more of a problem because they cannot be remelted in an extruder. However, they can be if... 

Glycidyl methacrylate has also been grafted to polyethylene and to poly(ethylene-co-propylene) using peroxides in extruders.87 The reactive group need not be pendant. It can be part of a copolymer. Ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymers and styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers have been reacted with ammonia and with amines in extruders.88... 

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