Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

Fuels availability

Other important parameters that govern the selection and location of the plant are distance from transmission lines, location from fuel port or pipe lines, and type of fuel availability. Site configuration is generally not a constraint. Periodically, sites are encountered where one plant configuration or another is best suited. [Pg.144]

Finally, fuel availability must be considered. If future reserves are unknown, or seasonal variations are expected, dual fuel capability must be considered. [Pg.440]

Once the required horsepower and number of stages are estimated, a choice of compressor type can be made from the considerations included earlier. Some example selections are included in Table 10-1, The selections listed in this table are meant as common types that would normally be specified for the given conditions. It must be emphasized that the.se are not recommendations that should be accepted without consideration of the advantages and disadvantages listed earlier. In addition, local foundation conditions, type of drivers available, cost of fuel, availability of spaie... [Pg.271]

In recent years there has been a rapid growth in the number of combined heat and power (CHP) and combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) plants, driven mainly by gas turbines using natural gas, sometimes with liquid fuel available as stand-by. Governments have encouraged the construction of these plants, as their efficiency is high and they produce less carbon dioxide than conventional coal and oil-burning power stations. However, they present some hazards, as gas turbines are noisy and are therefore usually enclosed. [Pg.70]

To allow for spray- and aerosol-formation, the mass of fuel in the cloud is assumed to be twice the theoretical flash of the amount of material released, so long as this quantity does not exceed the total amount of fuel available. Blast effects are modeled by means of TNT blast data according to Marshall (1976), while 1 bar is considered to be upper limit for the in-cloud overpressure (Figure 4.18). Because experience indicates that vapor clouds which are most likely to explode... [Pg.117]

The steam for process heating is generated in either fire or water-tube boilers, using the most economical fuel available. The process temperatures required usually can be obtained with low pressure steam (tyq ically 25 psig), and steam is distributed at a relatively low pressure (typically 100 psig). Higher steam pressures are needed for high process temperatures. [Pg.156]

A detailed kno ledgc of the quantity of power and steam required for the operation of the projected plant must be obtained before the study can proceed. The costs of all fuels available in the area should be carefnlly analyzed. [Pg.168]

As crude oil reserves dwindle, the marketplace will either transition to the electrifying of the transportation system (electric and fuel-cell vehicles and electric railways), with the electricity being produced by coal, natural gas, nuclear and renewables, or see the development of an industry to produce liquid fuel substitutes from coal, oil shale, and tar sands. It might also turn out to be a combination of both. The transition will vary by nation and will be dictated strongly by the fuels available, the economic and technological efficiencies of competitive systems, the relative environmental impacts of each technology, and the role government takes in the marketplace. [Pg.1117]

For generation of electrical power only, the overriding influence in the choice of generating plant is fuel availability. In this respect the following categories can be applied ... [Pg.191]

The electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol has been widely investigated for exploitation in the so-called direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The most likely type of DMFC to be commercialized in the near future seems to be the polymer electrolyte membrane DMFC using proton exchange membrane, a special form of low-temperature fuel cell based on PEM technology. In this cell, methanol (a liquid fuel available at low cost, easily handled, stored, and transported) is dissolved in an acid electrolyte and burned directly by air to carbon dioxide. The prominence of the DMFCs with respect to safety, simple device fabrication, and low cost has rendered them promising candidates for applications ranging from portable power sources to secondary cells for prospective electric vehicles. Notwithstanding, DMFCs were... [Pg.317]

In this section, the enzymes, and associated substrates, used as biocatalysts in anodes are presented. For the development of biocatalytic anodes, there is a wide range of fuels available for use as substrates, such as alcohols, lactate, hydrogen, fructose, sucrose, all of which can be oxidized by biocatalysts. The fuel that is the most widely considered, however, in the context of an implantable biocatalytic fuel cell is glucose. We shall focus our attention on this fuel, but will mention briefly research on the use of some other fuels in biocatalytic anodes. [Pg.419]

DOE 2003. Alternative fuel data center, Properties of Fuels, available at www.afdc.doe.gov/ pdfs/fueltable.pdf, 2007. [Pg.30]

The ability to produce H2 from various primary fuels available domestically or locally such as biomass, solar, wind, etc. will reduce the dependence on fossil fuel sources. [Pg.65]

Greene, D. L. (1998). Survey evidence on the importance of fuel availability to the alternative fuels and vehicles. Energy Studies Review, 8 (3), 215-231. [Pg.450]

The increase in oil demand is principally projected in the transport industry because that market is mainly dominated by this primary energy source, and at present, there are no alternative fuels available in a large-scale way for its replacement. [Pg.18]

As the duration of low-intensity exercise increases, the contribution of fat oxidation to ATP generation rises and parallels the reduced contribution of glycogen (Table 13.7). For very prolonged activities, when aU the muscle and fiver glycogen has been used, fatty acids become the only fuel available. However, fatty acid oxidation can generate ATP that no more than the rate provides about 60% of which... [Pg.290]

Conditions such as malnutrition, starvation, infection or trauma can reduce the fuels available for the colonocytes (glutamine, short chain fatty acids) so that the barrier is less effective. [Pg.415]

The regulation of biochemical processes, described so far, in this book, is primarily the regulation of flux that is, the amount of biochemistry that is achieved in a certain period of time. In contrast, in the cycle, at least other than in the embryo, time is much less important. The important decision that a cell has to take is whether there are sufficient materials and fuels available in the preceding stage to allow the next step to proceed satisfactorily. If not, then the cycle must be arrested to prevent entry into the next phase. The cell, therefore, has to check if all the conditions are satisfactory, so that these positions of regulation are known as checkpoints. There are at least two one is present in the Gj phase, the other in the G2 phase (Figure 20.30). For example, DNA duplication can only proceed if ... [Pg.474]

Hazard of contents classifications are low, ordinary, or high depending on the amount and type of fuel available to burn. [Pg.128]

Fuel is typically removed from a fire by isolating liquid spills at source or, for ordinary combustible fires, by cutting a firebreak to prevent the spread of fire. Fuel available for a fire can also be reduced by cooling, which reduces the amount of vaporization of the fuel making less available for combustion. [Pg.395]

The input requirements for post-flashover types of models can be quite broad. Besides the compartment and vent dimensions, detailed fuel combustion characteristics are often needed. The fuel characteristics include the fraction of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen that make up the fuel, the burning efficiency, and the quantity of fuel available for burning. Mechanical ventilation flow rates and the material properties of the compartment boundaries may be necessary. Some models can account for the heat transfer through the boundaries in detail, and may even allow the user to supply time-dependent material properties. An example of a post-flashover fire model is COMPF (Babrauskas, 1979). [Pg.417]

To make an IE the oxidizer must be combined with a suitable fuel. The majority of fuels available for use in IEs are hydrocarbons (materials containing mostly carbon and hydrogen). These materials are often referred to as organic compounds due to their prevalence in living organisms. Potential fuels can be broken down into three categories hydrocarbons, energetic hydrocarbons, and elementals. ... [Pg.45]

The common grades of ethanol blended fuels available in the United States are briefly described. Similar grades are available in other countries. [Pg.299]


See other pages where Fuels availability is mentioned: [Pg.5]    [Pg.5]    [Pg.460]    [Pg.502]    [Pg.3]    [Pg.475]    [Pg.413]    [Pg.564]    [Pg.1015]    [Pg.1113]    [Pg.1201]    [Pg.326]    [Pg.308]    [Pg.900]    [Pg.45]    [Pg.340]    [Pg.251]    [Pg.392]    [Pg.468]    [Pg.478]    [Pg.476]    [Pg.310]    [Pg.266]    [Pg.98]    [Pg.355]    [Pg.327]    [Pg.376]    [Pg.5]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.440 ]




SEARCH



Alternative fuels availability

Electricity power generation available fuels

Fasting body fuels available during

Fuel availability, effective costs

Hydrocarbon fuels, chemical availability

Impact of alternative fuels on resource availability

Input fuel availability, rate

Solid fuels chemical availability

Starvation body fuels available during

Synthetic fuels availability

© 2024 chempedia.info