Apple extract

Fig. 2.108. (a) Whole Red Delicious apple extract, (b) Cinnamon extract. Labels correspond to the predominant A-type oligomers in the extract, (c) Peanut skin extract UV traces at 280 nm for a 10 p injection of various samples. Peak identification P, = monomers P2 = dimers P3 = trimers P4 = tetramers P5 = pentamers P6 = hexamers P7 = heptamers P8 = octamers P9 = nonamers P10 = decamers Pn = undecamers P12 = dodecamers. Reprinted with permission from S. A. Lazarus el al. [243]. 

Fig. 3 HPLC chromatogram of spiked apple extract. Peaks (1) folpet, (2) dimehoate and benomyl, (3) aldicarb, (4) bendiocarb and pirimicarb, (5) carbaryl, (6) tolylfluanid and thiram, (7) propham, (8) cap-tan and azinphos methyl, (9) chlorpropham, (10) iprodione, (11) procymidone, (12) vinclozolyne, (13) parathyon ethyl, (14) endosulfan sulfate, (15) toclophos methyl and chlorpyriphos methyl, (16) dico-fol, (17) /3-endosulfan, (18) tetradifon, (19) a-endosulfan, (20) chlorpyriphos and dieldrin, (21) />,p -DDT, (22) p,p -DDT. 0.1 AUF concentrations 10-20 ng/20/tl injected volume 20pi. (From Ref. 57.)...

A multiresidue method for analyzing 28 common organophosphorus pesticides and three of their main metabolites (paraoxon-ethyl, paraoxon-methyl, and malaoxon) in a variety of crop samples has been developed (59). The use of LC-DAD techniques allowed identification of both organophosphorus pesticides and metabolites by means of standard and spectral comparisons, respectively. A typical chromatogram for fortified apple extract is shown in Figure 4. 

Yoon H, Liu RH. 2007. Effect of selected phytochemicals and apple extracts on NF-kappaB activation in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. J Agric Food Chem 55 3167-3173. 

Human plasma and urine Chloroform extract of human serum Acetonitrile after Cl 8-extraction of urine, apple extract and water containing humic acid... 

Column HPLC On-line Humic acid. apple extract, urine Adsorption on Cl8, Desorption with McCN McCN Water plug HPLC-UV [32]... 

Sample preparation Dissolve apple extracts in THF, inject a 10 p,L extract. 

Ami Bioprotector. [Alban Muller] Oak-apple extract sooAing prod. 

Interestingly, there is no literature on the effect of sample size on biomarker identification in the "omics" sciences, and the objective of this contribution is to fill this gap. We focus on a two-class problem, and in particular on small data sets. In our approach, real class differences have been introduced by spiking apple extracts with selected compounds, analyzing them using UPLC-TOF mass spectrometry, and comparing the feature lists to those of unspiked apple extracts. Using these data we are able to run a comparison between two multivariate... 

Liu, X., Li, D. R, Wang, Y, and Lu, Y. T., Determination of 1 -aminocyclopropane-1 -carboxylic acid in apple extracts by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection, J. Chromatogr. A, 1061,99, 2004. 

Apoiio 4200 Cationic Starches] Apoiio Cationic Starches. See Corn (Zea mays) starch APP. See Polypropylene, amorphous Ammonium polyphosphate Appeei 11D569. See EthyleneA/A copolymer Apple acid. See N-Hydroxysuccinic acid Apple essence. See Isoamyl isovalerate Apple extract. See Apple (Pyrus malus) extract Apple leaf extract Apple leaves extract. See Apple (Pyrus malus) leaf extract Apple oil. See Isoamyl isovalerate Apple pectin extract. See Apple (Pyrus malus) pectin extract... 

Synonyms Apple extract Pyrus malus Pyrus malus extract... 

Uses Skin conditioner in cosmetics Apple (Pyrus malus) pectin extract Synonyms Apple pectin extract Pectin, apple, extract Pyrus malus Pyrus malus pectin extract... 

FIGURE 10.8 Extraction of a target zone with the TLC-MS interface followed by HPLC-MS, total ion current chromatogram of an apple extract spiked with a mixture of pesticides of various substance classes (A+) and mass spectrum of the peak with / , = 9 min (pirimicarb, m/z 239.1, [M+H]+). 

Second, their hypophasic fraction carotenoids from orange extract (PM3) and apple extract (PM4) contained mainly violaxanthin (8), zeaxanthin (9) and lutein (6). 

Among total 5 extract carotenoids of hypophasic paprika extract (PMl), epiphasic paprika extract (PM2), hypophasic orange extract (PM3), hypophasic apple extract (PM4) and epiphasic apple extract (PM5), and 1 carotene of P-carotene (P,P-carotene, 2), carotenoid of hypophasic apple extract (PM4) showed the potent anti-human immunodeficiency vims (anti-HIV) activity when compared to metronidazole (71) (Figure 20) of an antiprotozoal dmg, antitrichomonal agent or antibacterial agent, however, other 4 extract carotenoids were inaetive for human immunodeficiency vims (HIV). 

Fourth, on the antitumor activity) for the tumor cells, the hypophasic orange extract (PM3) and hypophasic apple extract (PM4) showed slightly their higher cytotoxicity against four the human tumor cells such as squamous cell carcinoma HSC-2, HSC-3, submandibular gland carcinoma HSG and human promyelocytic leukemic HL-60 cells when compared to their cytotoxic activity of three normal human oral cells such as gingival fibroblast HGF, pulp cell HPC and periodontal ligament fibroblast HPLF. 

Fifth, from their electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, hypophasic paprika carotenoid (PMl) and epiphasic paprika extract carotenoid (PM2) scavenged efficiently l,l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, whereas singlet oxygen was also quenched efficiently by epiphasic apple extract carotenoid (PM5) and epiphasic paprika extract carotenoid (PM2). 

Pancreatic lipase is a key enzyme for TAG absorption and many studies have associated polyphenols with lipase inhibition. Sugiyama et al. (2007) showed that oligomeric apple procyanidins had an inhibitory effect on pancreatic lipase activity in vitro which was higher than other polyphenolic compounds of an apple extract. These results were also confirmed in both an animal and a human study where oligomeric apple procyanidins inhibited postprandial TAG absorption. ... 

O beirne, D., Buren, J. P. van, and Mattick, L. R. (1982). Two distinct pectin fractions from senescent idovned apples extracted using non-degradative methods. Journal of Food Science 47, 173-176. 

The analysis of pesticides in samples of high color content needs the optimization of cleanup parameters. Carrots, spinach, and apple extracts were extracted with acetone, partitioned into methylene chloride, and finally purified on a mixed adsorbent column (Table 1). The loadability of the TLC plates and the effectiveness of this cleanup method were tested not only by GLC but by TLC as well (23). TLC can be used as a detection method, as a test of the cleanup (see above), and furthermore can be applied as a cleanup procedure (16). In MCPA (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid) analysis the recovery data showed that TLC cleanup was as effective as H20-toluene partitioning. 

FIGURE 13.5 UHPLC—MS/MS separation of an apple extract, fortified with 17 polar pesticides. Peak identification (1) carbendazim, (2) thiabendazole, (3) carbofuran, (4) carbaryl, (5) linuron, (6) methiocarb, (7) epoxiconazole, (8) flusilazole, (9) diflubenzuron, (10) tebuconazole, (11) imazalil, (12) propiconazole, (13) trUlumuron, (14) bitertanol, (15) prochloraz, (16) teflubenzuron, (17) flufenoxuron. Source From Reference 181], reproduced by permission of Elsevier. 

Gomis DB, Gutierrez MJM, Alvarez MDG, Alonso JJM (1988) Application of HPLC to characterization and control of individual acids in apple extracts and ciders. Chromato-graphia 25 1054-1058... 

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