Production-related factors

Two Product Related Factors That Can Effect Emissions... 

Most of the product-related factors need only be evaluated on a broad ba.sis products compatible with one ethylene oxide sterilization process are gen< erally compatible with most others. Some of the factors that ought to be addressed include... 

The stability of finished pharmaceutical products depends, on the one hand, on environmental factors such as ambient temperature, humidity and light, and, on the other, on product-related factors, e.g., the chemical and physical properties of the active substance and of pharmaceutical excipients, the dosage form and its composition, the manufacturing process, the nature of the container-closure system and the properties of the packaging materials. 

As mentioned above, several product-related factors can influence the immunogenicity of protein therapeutics. The impact of trace impurities and excipients used... 

Product-related factors Low temperature sensitivity High moisture content... 

The positioning of the CODP in the value chain is affected by different factors which can be divided into three categories market-related factors, product-related factors, and production-related factors. 

For the product-related factors, customization plays a role in positioning the CODP. Hence, if the customization offered enters the product at an early stage of the production, the CODP needs to be positioned upstream in the value chain. 

An example of a production-related factor is represented by the production lead time. This factor needs to be considered regarding the delivery lead time requirements determined by the market, as this relationship places a constraint on the positioning of the CODP. If the lead time is reduced, the constraint can be relieved and a wider range of CODP positioning is possible (Olhager 2003). 

Various factors can be named that affect the choice of the most suitable manufacturing structure and hence the positioning of the CODP (Olhager 2003) market-related factors such as demand volatility, lead time or product differentiation expectations product-related factors as, for example, product architecture (modularity) and production-related factors, such as production lead time or the flexibility of internal processes. 

Ngai 2005). Nonetheless, the position of MTO and ATO in the mapping of Olh-ager (2003) shows that, on the other hand, production-related factors are also an integral part of these strategies. 

Filter Selection. A variety of product- and process-related factors govern filter selection. Considerations include the characteristics of the fluid to be filtered, ie, its chemical composition and compatibiHty with the filtration system (inclusive of the membrane, filter hardware, piping, etc), the level of bioburden present, specifications on effluent quaHty, the volume of product to be filtered, flow rate, and temperature. 

The currendy (ca 1992) marketed injectable and implantable contraceptives are designed to be effective for maximum periods of three months and five years, respectively. There is Htde evidence from programmatic or health reasons that an injectable formulation with a longer effective life span, eg, six months, would not be equally effective. The acceptabiUty and effectiveness of long-acting contraceptives may be determined by the means by which a community deUvers contraceptive products to the pubHc the active life of a product may be determined by economic rather than programmatic or health related factors. 

Considerations for the allocation of funds should include economic and public relations factors. Identical FARs do not necessarily result in equal consequences effects on plant production, public relations, and oilier factors must also be considered. Finally, FARs in excess of 4.0 are not acceptable. 

Processing is extremely important in regard to tolerance control in certain cases it is the most influential factor. The dimensional accuracy of the finished product relates to the process, the machining accuracy of mold or die, and the process controls, as well as the shrinkage behavior of the plastic. 

The wide range of inflammation-related factors that adipocytes secrete is linked to the inflammatory response that the tissue exhibits in obesity [1]. Obesity in general, like an increasing number of other diseases, is characterised by a state of mild chronic inflammation, and adipose tissue plays a central role in this. The production of most inflammation-related adipokines increases markedly in obesity and there is an elevated circulating level of a number of these factors as well as of other inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP). The increased production of inflammatory adipokines (and decreased production of adiponectin with its anti-inflammatory action) in the obese is considered to play a critical role in the development of the obesity-associated pathologies, particularly type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome [1]. 

The production of welfare approach assumes that the final outcomes of a mental health-care intervention will be influenced ( produced ) by the nature of the services provided, the types, levels and mixes of resources employed, the social environment of the care setting and other non-resource factors. This core theme of the production of welfare model is obviously not built up from economic theory as such, but it is a logical corollary of theory and evidence from psychology, psychiatry and certain other disciplines. However, the formalization of the links between intervention characteristics, resource inputs and patient and family outcomes owes much to economic theories of cost and production relations and their... 

The factors necessary to achieve quality in a product during the developmental stage have been discussed. The formulator of a new product must consider the manufacturing process to be used for full-scale production of the product. Many new product failures or deficiencies occur because of inability to resolve or foresee production-related problems, rather than to poor product development per se. Therefore, the... 

Such a supply chain network easily adds up to tens of thousands of nodes and edges with which the product relations are described, whereby a node can represent raw material, an intermediary product or a final product. An edge represents the relationship between two products. As there are usually predecessor/successor relations, the relation network can be interpreted as a directed graph. The material flow is modelled in form of an edge, material factors and offset times are stored as attributes [3,10, 23, 25, 33]. 

In their study of biotechnology, Frewer et al. (2001) found that while overall prior attitude and food neophobia influenced both the perception of a source s expertise and trustworthiness, no source-related factor had any increased effect on the perceived benefit or perceived risk of consuming the product (see Figure 6). This finding is important because it directly contradicts the conventional belief that these benefits and risks are influenced by an information source. In some cases, they seem to be influenced more by prior views than by the messenger. 

Procurement steps are initial steps in the value chain and require to link raw materials with the subsequent products. Procurement steps have no production costs. Since one raw material product is considered as pi and p2 and one procurement location as h and h, related factors are all 100%. 

Fig. 1. The generalized protein-protein interaction network that includes (A) direct protein-protein interactions such as in the signal transduction pathway, (B) enzyme-enzyme relations in the metabolic pathway, and (C) transcription factor-expressed gene product relations in the gene regulatory pathway. The interactions in (B) and (C) are termed indirect protein-protein interactions.

Protein-protein relation Sequence similarity/orthology Enzyme-enzyme relation by successive reactions Transcription factor-transcribed gene product relation Direct protein-protein interaction... 

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