Processing drilling

Engineering Welding and riveting of plastics, ceramic processing drilling aid for... 

Project Manager (Project, Process, Drilling or Facility Engineer)... 

The Project Manager (or project, process, drilling, facility engineer) is the individual responsible for the accomplishment of the process hazard analysis. The process hazard analysis review should be considered part of a project just as an ordinary design review is. He is essentially the manager of the review and all other participants support his requests. 

For the purposes of this guidance a project or facility manager may be a project, process, drilling, or facility engineer. 

In the quarrying process, drilling is the main potential source of dust. The air carrying pulverised rock up the hole may be de-dusted using multi-cyclones, but the use of bag filters is the preferred control method. The collected dust should be disposed to tip in sealed bags, or should be wetted to avoid its becoming air-borne when blasting. 

A considerable amount of machining is done with thermosets because, with the exception of a couple of methods, the mechanical removal of molding flash is necessary in thermoset processes. Drilling holes and cutting openings is also commonplace in some processes because it is difficult, bordering on impossible, to mold them in for many designs. 

Production Structures A production rniit can have several functions, e.g., processing, drilling, workover, accommodation, oil storage, and riser support. 

Decision gate four (DG4) involves the go-ahead for start-up of production of oil and gas. Norskoil s operations organisation is responsible for this decision. All essential processes, drilling, utility and safety systems must be ready, as well as the organisation and the procedures for the operation of the platform. Production also involves maintenance and modifications of the installation. Again, Norskoil as the operator has the main responsibility for safety during all these activities. 

Uses Emulsifier for min. oils, textile processing, metal processing, drilling and cutting oils, chemo-tech. prods. 

When we immerse a silicon wafer in a solution of hydrofluoric acid and apply electric current, the silicon wafer dissolves. However, it doesn t dissolve uniformly. The electric corrosion process drills millions of tiny nanometer-scale pores into the wafer. The diameter of the holes is determined by the electric current, so their size can be varied during the etch. If we turn the current up and down, the propagating holes widen and narrow accordingly. The two-layer porous... 

Careful planning of drilling activities will avoid unnecessary expenditure or risks. The planning process is vital for achieving the objectives of a well. Usually, wells are drilled with one, or a combination, of the following objectives ... 

The reservoir section is more consolidated and is the main objective to which the well is being drilled, hence the drilling process has to ensure that any productive interval is not damaged. 

If a shallow kick off in soft formation is required (e.g. to steer the borehole away underneath platforms) a technique using jet bit deflection or badgering is employed (Fig. 3.16). A rock bit is fitted with two small and one large jet. With the bit on bottom and oriented in the desired direction the string is kept stationary and mud is pumped through the nozzles. This causes asymmetric erosion of the borehole beneath the larger jet. Once sufficient hole has been jetted, the drill bit will be rotated again and the new course followed. This process will be repeated until the planned deviation is reached. 

As the name implies the company basically rents the rig and crew on a per day basis. Usually the oil company also manages the drilling operation and has full control over the drilling process. This type of contract actually encourages the contractor to spend as much time as acceptable on location . With increased cost consciousness, day rate contracts have become less favoured by most oil companies. 

When water is produced along with oil, the separation of water from oil invariably leaves some water in the oil. The current oil-in-water emission limit into the sea is commonly 40 ppm. Oily water disposal occurs on processing platforms, some drilling platforms, and at oil terminals. The quality of water disposed from terminals remains an area of scrutiny, especially since the terminals are often near to local habitation and leisure resorts. If the engineer can find a means of reducing the produced water at source (e.g. water shut-off or reinjection of produced water into reservoirs) then the surface handling problem is much reduced. 

Figure 5.37 depicts the basic set up of a wireline logging operation. A sonde is lowered downhole after the drill string has been removed. The sonde is connected via an insulated and reinforced electrical cable to a winch unit at the surface. At a speed of about 600m per hour the cable Is spooled upward and the sonde continuously records formation properties like natural gamma ray radiation, formation resistivity or formation density. The measured data is sent through the cable and is recorded and processed in a sophisticated logging unita the surface. Offshore, this unit will be located in a cabin, while on land it is truck mounted. In either situation data can be transmitted in real time via satellite to company headquarters if required. 

Keywords compressibility, primary-, secondary- and enhanced oil-recovery, drive mechanisms (solution gas-, gas cap-, water-drive), secondary gas cap, first production date, build-up period, plateau period, production decline, water cut, Darcy s law, recovery factor, sweep efficiency, by-passing of oil, residual oil, relative permeability, production forecasts, offtake rate, coning, cusping, horizontal wells, reservoir simulation, material balance, rate dependent processes, pre-drilling. 

Steel piled jackets are the most common type of platform and are employed in a wide range of sea conditions, from the comparative calm of the South China Sea to the hostile Northern North Sea. Steel jackets are used in water depths of up to 150 metres and may support production facilities a further 50 metres above mean sea level. In deep water all the process and support facilities are normally supported on a single jacket, but in shallow seas it may be cheaper and safer to support drilling, production... 

A traditional abandonment process begins with a well killing operation in which produced fluids are circulated out of the well, or pushed ( bull headed ) into the formation, and replaced by drilling fluids heavy enough to contain any open formation pressures. Once... 

Onshore processing facilities, and modules brought onshore, have to be cleaned of all hazardous compounds and scrapped. Cellars of single wells, drilling pads, access roads and buildings will have to be removed. If reservoir compaction affects the surface area above the abandoned field future land use may be prevented, in particular in coastal or low land environments. 

Figure 3 Echo from 8 mm side-drilled hole at sound path 50 mm, before and after signal processing.

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