Separating, manufacturing process drilling

Sulfuric acid is manufactured from elemental sulfur. Alining was the main source for this element, which was obtained from sulfide-containing ores, or in very pure form from underground deposits by the Frasch process (injection of superheated steam and air into drillings and the separation of the mixture that rises to the surface). The large-scale consumption of petroleum and natural gas has changed this scenario since sulfur occurs as an impurity in most fossil fuels and must be removed before the fuels are processed. These fuels are presently the main source of sulfur, and their relative importance tends to increase with more rigorous controls on emissions. 

Separation of manufactured sohds from process liquids and recycling of these liquids (water or organic solvents) is an interesting way to valorize by-products and to minimize the production of liquid effluents in a number of industries. Microfiltration ceramic membranes have been aheady used for the recovery of particles in the ceramic industry and in drilling operations, of pigments in paint and ink industries, and have potential applications in a wide variety of liquid-solid separation... 

Excimer lasers have also been used to manufacture novel composite membranes to be used as an effective transducer for the selective transfer and sensing of molecular ions [39]. Matson et al. [40] also employed excimer laser direct patterning at 248 nm to produce membranes for solvent separators by a step and drill method but they also developed a mask patterning process to create multiple pores of small size. McNeely et al. [41] developed a rapid prototyping technique to fabricate passive hydrophobic microfluidic systems integrated with macroscopic external devices aimed at highly parallel sample analysis. Sabbert et al. [42] machined cydoolefin copolymer (COC) with no redeposition effects, smooth surface and ablation rates smaller than for PMMA using an ArF excimer laser (193 nm). 

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