Process and potable water

Under utilities should be included the costs for items that enter the plant but do not enter directly into the material formulation of the products or by-products. This includes coal, oil, gas, electricity, water, air, and inert gases. The amounts of cooling, process, and potable water should each be specified. Potable water is water that can be used for drinking and food preparation. It is usually purchased from a nearby municipality. The average electrical power required, peak power required, and demand power need to be calculated. Demand power is the number of kilowatts of energy that the utility company agrees to supply on an uninterrupted basis. A premium price is charged for this power. 

In conclusion, the aqueous AICI3 from an ethylbenzene plant can be upgraded to a by-product suitable for use in treating both process and potable water. The process is economical, easy to operate, and all of the necessary engineering technology is readily available. 

Activate fire, process, and potable water systems... 

Polypho8<. [Olin] Sodium hexameta- diate for munfcipal and industrial process and potable water treatment... 

PVDC has found wide application in the plating industry and for handling deionized water, pharmaceuticals, food processing, and other applications where stream purity protection is critical. The material complies with FDA regulations for food processing and potable water and also with regulations prescribed by... 

Process and potable water are two common commodities found in most industrial plants. Some uses of process water include die following ... 

Abundant supplies of fresh water are essential to the development of industry. Enormous quantities are required for the cooling of products and equipment, for process needs, for boiler feed, and for sanitary and potable water supply. 

The dissolved-air flotation process is most commonly used for sewage and potable water treatment. It is also gaining popularity for the treatment of slaughterhouse, poultry processing, seafood processing, soap, and food processing wastes (Zoubulis et. al., 1991). 

The process has two main sources of waste water. These are the condensate streams from the steam strippers. The principal pollutant in both wastewater streams is phenol. Phenol is of concern primarily because of its toxicity, oxygen depletion, and turbidity. In addition, phenol can cause objectionable taste and odor in fish flesh and potable water. 

The latter concept implies providing local life support systems for unfriendly environments. By now, Ukrainian scientists and engineers have developed a variety of processes for potable water treatment by adsorption, electrochemical oxidation, electrocoagulation, electro-coprecipitation, electrodialysis, electrofloatation, floatation, membrane techniques etc. Each family must get small units for water purification, air cleaning and removal of hazardous substances from the food as soon as possible, for it may take decades to introduce cleaner production on a national scale. Here, we should follow the example of Western business people who bring with them to Ukraine devices enabling a safe existence in this unfriendly environment. 

POLYMERIC SORBENTS are frequently used in environmental analytical schemes for the isolation and/or preconcentration of trace organic contaminants from air and water matrices. Commercially manufactured polymeric sorbents such as Amberlite XAD resins, Ambersorb XE resins, Tenax (diphenyl-p-phenylene oxide), and polyurethane foam (PUF) have been used extensively for the collection of trace organic contaminants from ambient air, process streams (i.e., flue gas), and a variety of aquatic matrices including industrial effluents, ground water, surface water, and potable water supplies. Currently, these materials... 

Note Turbidity index of potable water, waste water from olive oil processing and waste water from dairy processing arc 0.60,57 and 57, respectively. 

Polyphosindustrial process anri potable water treatment... 

An example of reverse osmosis seawater desalination for industrial purposes is the system installed in a thermoelectric power plant in Venezuela in 1980.17 The original segment of the plant is designed to produce 800,000 GPD of boiler feedwater and potable water. A process flow diagram for this system is shown in Figure 4.18. 

Some evaporation processes are known for which the energy costs are very dominant because the liquid to be evaporated is very cheap. This is true for sahne water as the basis for the production of potable water. Seawater is cheap and potable water is the only product in most desalination processes. Multiple effect evapora-... 

Uses Automotive industry corrosion inhibitor, buffer in antifreeze corrosion/scale inhibitor, sequestrant for water and potable water treatment laboratory reagent reagent in enamel prod., paper processing potassium/phosphorus source in fertilizers buffer, pH control agent, sequestrant, yeast... 

The viability of a membrane process for potable water production depends on the energy consumption. The power input reflects the pressure energy required to pump water molecules through a size/charge selective membrane and is expressed as SEC in kWh/m of product water. The foUowing relationships are used to calculate energy consumption ... 

Direct use of chlorine is in pulp and paper manufacturing and water treatment operations. Chlorine is used in the pulp and paper industiy to bleach the pulp to produce a high-quality whitened material, devoid of dark lignin and any other undesirable residuals. Chlorine has been the most common disinfectant and is still used by municipalities and others to treat potable, process, and waste water streams. Because of this specific use of chlorine, waterborne diseases such as typhoid and cholera have been eradicated in the industrialized world. Chlorine also removes hydrogen sulfide, iron compounds, and organic species that are responsible for objectionable tastes or odor associated with water. 

According to the design concept, the UNITHERM can be used as a source of energy for the generation of electricity, district heating, seawater desalination and process steam production either in a complex or to meet specific demands. The purpose of the NPP would impact not only the mix of components but may also determine the characteristics of the reactor [II-5]. For instance, the use of steam at low parameters for district heating and potable water production allows the application of a turbine generator unit operated at backpressure. This sufficiently increases total plant efficiency and allows the use of the thermal siphon as an... 

EXmBIT 13-21 Process Cooling Water and Potable Water System... 

An example of process cooling water and potable water layout is shown in Exhibit 13-21. As with most piping layouts, the lines are run in the most direa route possible to each of the water users (shown shaded in the exhibit). The locations where the cooling and hot water lines enter and leave the unit are usually set by the client or by the location of any existing supply and return headers. In this case, the west battery limit has been seleaed. Both lines run at the same elevation, as shown in Exhibit 13-22. When branch lines must cross over supply headers, they should return to the elevation of the higher branch line, unless the distance is so short that it would be impractical to do so. 

Small sized nuclear reactors and power plants on their basis represent a prospective class of power sources for the effective solution of several problems such as provision of isolated consumers in many regions of the world with the electric energy, district heating and/or process heat, potable water etc. The economic expediency and social importance of such power units for the provision of heat and power supply to various consumers in the extreme north and far east regions of Russia, where fuel supplies are costly and unreliable, has been comprehensively justified through a series studies. The task of development and deployment of small NPPs was included into the Special Federal Programme of Russia on Cost-effective economics. .. for the period till 2010 . Some sites for top-priority deployment of small NPPs have been selected. It is planned to construct a pilot small power NPP with KLT-40S reactor in Severodvinsk in the North of Russia. 

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