Specific air demand

The stoichiometric specific air demand p o is defined by the relation of the stoichiometric air mass flow and the corresponding fuel mass flow. The relation of all terms of the energy balance on the mass flow fiipj of the incoming fuel allows a generalised consideration. The generated heat is... 

Mitsubishi The most common Mitsubishi HF module uses a polyethylene MF membrane of 0.4-p,m pore size and fiber diameter of 0.54 nun and length about 0.5 m. The membranes are horizontally aligned and potted at both ends in elements of up to 3 m area combined into modules of 100-200 m. The modules are either installed as single or double deck, with the latter requiring less airflow per unit membrane surface (see Section 10.4.2 and discussion of specific air demand). In a recent development... 

Specificalions for airflow rate requirements for MBRs are based on experience rather than theoretical analyses, although there is a growing hterature on the effect of bubble flow on fouling control [see reviews by Cui et al. (2003) and Le Clech et al. (2006)]. Judd (2006) has summarized a wide range of available data for submerged MBRs as the specific air demand (SAD) and defines two parameters ... 

Figure 10.13 Relationship between specific air demand and sustainable permeability for submerged membrane MBRs (Judd, 2006).

The COP s of specific air conditioners will vary widely with both manufacturer and application. Electricity utility efficiencies will also differ between countries. However, the reason for the economic interest in heat-driven cycles remains clear. Given that primary fuels can cost the consumer approximately 25% of the cost of electricity and that electricity frequently costs more at times of peak demand, there is justification for considering alternative systems. The use of a primary fuel at the point of use can also reduce COj and other emissions. 

Monolithic catalysts have found a wide range of applications in the removal of pollutants from air, especially in the automotive industry. Specifically, the demand for large surface to small volume, high conversions achieved for low retention times, and low pressure drop led to the development of monolithic supports. More information on automotive catalytic converters has been given in Chapter 1. Usually, a thin layer of alumina is deposited onto a monolith for keeping the precious metal used for air pollutants abatement dispersed. The oxidations that take place are highly exothermic and the reaction rates achieved are in turn high. Hence, the reactants diffuse only a small distance... 

The pure gas with a specific gravity of 1.1 kg/m3 had a net calorific value of 5700 kJ/m3 or 5180 kJ/kg. If an excess factor of n = 1.5 is attributed to the combustion of the pure gas at a theoretical air demand of 1.5 m3 air/m3 gas the specific exhaust gas production will be 2700 m3/t of waste. The low harmful substance concentrations in the pure gas allow the expectation that the emission values will be low which means that the clean air requirements of environ-... 

All necessary molar entropies, which are presented in Table 8.1, were taken from the literature [3] and all gaseous components must be corrected to match the reference pressure. The specific molar production of a reaction product pertaining to the pure gas component is represented by Vk (e.g., kmol(C02)/kmol(/)). The molar stoichiometric air demand lx=i in kmol(air)/kmol(/) is multiplied with the dry reference air q entropy, which is calculated by the following equation, where i = N2,02, Ar ... 

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