Seawater reverse osmosis desalination

Reverse osmosis membrane process, 27 637 Reverse osmosis membrane cleaning citric acid application, 6 647 Reverse-osmosis membranes, 75 811, 825 development of, 75 797 Reverse osmosis models, 27 638-639 Reverse osmosis permeators, 76 19 Reverse osmosis seawater desalination process, 26 85 Reverse osmosis systems blending in, 26 80-81 brackish and nanofiltration, 26 80-83 Reverse osmosis technology... 

FIGURE 29 A large-scale reverse osmosis seawater desalination facility, (a) Plant layout schematic and (b) simplified process diagram. (Du Pont Company.)... 

Polymeric materials are the most extensively applied for membrane preparation in science and industry [144-150], Polymers for the preparation of membranes are applied, fundamentally, for gas separation [146], reverse osmosis seawater desalination [147,148], microfiltration, ultrafiltration, and nanofiltration [149,150],... 

An example of reverse osmosis seawater desalination for industrial purposes is the system installed in a thermoelectric power plant in Venezuela in 1980.17 The original segment of the plant is designed to produce 800,000 GPD of boiler feedwater and potable water. A process flow diagram for this system is shown in Figure 4.18. 

Flow- diagram for a 1(X)0 m /day single-stage reverse osmosis seawater desalination plant. 

Furukawa, D.H.(Sept. 1997) A review of seawater reverse osmosis. IDA Desalination Seminar, Cairo, Egypt. 

An UF system utilizing hollow-fiber (FIF) membranes has been successfully used as pretreatment prior to seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination without any chemical treatments [8]. The quality of UF permeate was good and satisfied the need of SWRO feed water [8]. 

Lamendolar, M. F., and Tua, A. (1995). The Malta experience Desalination of seawater by reverse osmosis T Desalination and Water Reuse 50, 18. 

Bou-Hamad, S., et al. (1997). Performance evaluation of three different pretreatment systems for seawater reverse osmosis technique. Desalination Int. Symp. Pretreatment of Feedwater for Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants, March 31-April 2, 110, 1-2, 85-92. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands. 

Sablani S.S., Goosen M.F.A., Al-Belushi R., and Gerardos V., Influence of spacer thickness on permeate flux in spiral-wound seawater reverse osmosis systems. Desalination 146 2002 225-230. 

Wilf M. and Klinko K., Effective new pretreatment for seawater reverse osmosis systems. Desalination 117 1998 323-331. 

FIGURE 43.2 The three alignments suggested for the realization of a seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination plant between Israel and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. (From http //www.mfa.gov.il/mfa.)... 

S. Ebrahim and H. El-Dessouky, Evaluation of commercial cleaning agents for seawater reverse osmosis membranes. Desalination 99, 169-188 (1994). 

DC Hicks, C M Pleass, W A Fearn and D Staples, Development, testing and the economics of a composite/plastic seawater reverse osmosis pump . Desalination... 

Prihasto N, Liu QF, and Kim SH, Pre-treatment strategies for seawater desalination by reverse osmosis system. Desalination 2009, 249, 308-316. 

J.E. Cadotte, R.J. Petersen, R.E. Larson, E. E. Erickson, A new thin-film composite seawater reverse osmosis membrane. Desalination 32 (1980) 25. 

T. Waly, M.D. Kennedy, G.-J. Witkamp, G. Amy, J.C. Schippers, The role of inorganic ions in the calcium carbonate scaling of seawater reverse osmosis systems, Desalination 284 (2012) 279-287. 

Vial D and Doussau G (2002), The use of microfiltration membranes for seawater pre-treatment prior to reverse osmosis membranes , Desalination, 153, 141-147. 

Reverse osmosis (RO) desalination technology has become established over a number of yeat for producing potable water from various natirral waters, including seawater. While some RO systems utihze nonmetaUic construction materials for the pressirre vessels to contain the membrane Ccinridges, metallic materials are desired where higher pressirres and/or enhauiced fire resistance are required. 

N. Misdan, W.J. Lau, and A.R Ismail, Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) desalination by thin-film composite membrane—Current development, challenges and future prospects, Desalination 287 (2012) 228-237. 

Reverse osmosis is used for desalination of seawater, treatment of recycle water in chemical plants and separation of industrial wastes. More recently the technique has been applied to concentration and dehydrogenation of food products such as milk and fruit juices. See ultrafiltralion. 

J. Scott, ed.. Desalination of Seawater by Reverse Osmosis, Pollution Technology Review No. 75, Noyes Data Corp., Park Ridge, N.J., 1981. 

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