Procedure users

Recent surveys show that at least half the population in the U.S. uses one of the diverse array of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practices. Virtually all these are complementary rather than alternative. These figures have grown dramatically over the past decades despite the fact that few insurance plans provide coverage for many CAM procedures. Users pay an estimated 27 billion a year out of pocket for these services and make more visits to CAM practitioners than to primary-care physicians. 

Validation test environment including hardware, software System security including passwords, network rights, functional security, physical security, modem access and virus protection Validation test environment including related documents, along with standard operating procedures, user manuals, and system development/ maintenance and documentation Validation assumptions, exclusions, and limitations Responsibilities matrix Validation data sets Acceptance criteria Expected results Execution of the validation plan Resolution of errors Documentation Training records... 

Operator instruction Maintenance procedures User manuals Training materials Validation documents/package Supplier project quality plan... 

Pick up a dictionary and find the entry for procedure. One definition is a particular course or mode of action. A simple statement, but to procedure users, writers, and managers concerned with process safety, the word procedure impUes much more. The Center for Chemical Process Safety s approach to Process Safety Management relies on written procedures to document both hands-on operations and maintenance activities as well as to describe the Process Safety Management S5retem itself. This book was written to help select and implement actions that will... 

Procedure users must be able to quickly and easily obtain current, approved procedures to prepare for and perform their jobs. Needed procedures must be readily accessible—available—at all times. Procedures may be available as printed (hard-copy) documents, they may be viewed on computer screens, or they may be printed, as needed, from electronic files. The current, approved procedures must be available to ensure that only up-to-date procedures are used to perform operations and maintenance tasks. 

A deficiency in a procedure management system may not always be apparent. Periodic evaluation of the system, including the written procedures, will help to identify and correct deficiencies. Part of this evaluation should be the verification that the procedures reflect actual, approved plant practices. Procedure users are an excell t system evaluation resource. If your procedures are used frequently, the users will recognize when they no longer reflect current operations or if they begin to stray from the development guidelines. 

Provide the procedure users an opportunity to review the procedures... 

This section includes any special tools or equipment that the procedure user must have in order to perform the procedure. This prevents the procedure users from completing half of a procedure and then finding out that they need a tool to finish. The section can include personal protective equipment such as respirators, tools such as a micrometer, or objects such as spool pieces or chemicals. 

Minimize branching to other procedures. It is best that a user needs only one document to get the job done. If you must branch to another procedure, don t jump to a step within the second procedure. Only refer the procedure user to an entire procedure or a clearly defined section in a procedure. 

The procedure purpose describes what will be accomplished or performed by the operator or mechanic. The purpose must be dear, well-defined, and attainable. The purpose is the first section that a procedure user will read therefore, the goal must be clear. 

Also, references must be readily available to the procedure users when they are performing the procedure. In the example shown as Figure 5-6 on the facing page, the steps to stop a leaking pump (steps 4-7) ate duplicated in another procedure or in a dearly defined section in a procedure. However, rather than have the user go to that procediue for foiu steps, they are induded in this procedure. 

Listing all documents identified in the procedure steps in an introductory section serves two purposes. First, it allows the procedure user to see all of... 

If references are necessary to perform the procedure, they must adequately identify the document so the procedure user can locate it. References should be identified so that any procedure user, regardless of experience level, can locate the proper document. Use widely accepted, common terms when identifying reference materials. 

A Caution, Warning, or Note is most effective if it alerts the procedure user to a situation before the situation occurs. Cautions, Warnings, and Notes should be separated from the text to be easily distinguished from the steps. The format and content of these sections should always be presented in the same marmer and format so that the procedure user knows where the information will be within the procedure. 

A criterion or condition is a type of prerequisite. Therefore, the condition should be stated before the action that is dependent upon it. Otherwise, a procedure user may not read the step completely and may perform the action without satisfying the requirement. 

Having the calculation in the procedure or readily available ensures accuracy and consistency. Retaining the calculation provides a record of the results and ensures the accuracy of the calculation. If the procedure users perform the calculation on scrap paper or even worse in their head, errors can occur. Additionally, unless auditors can access all of the data, such as the results of calculations, they will have difficulty determining what happened when une3q)ected results are obtained. 

Graphs and tables are an excellent tool for providing important information to the procedure user. Similar to developing a concise, clear procedure step, graphs and tables should be presented in a way that ensures that the information can be easily understood and accessed. (See Figure 5-21.)... 

Adapt this form to your needs or create a form of your own. Design yom procedure request form as simply as possible, making sure it reflects your management and staffing capabilities. Procedure users and other employees should be trained in the use of the form, because they are the best source for identifying procedure needs that could otherwise be missed. 

Review the procedure and incorporate necessary edits — Approve the procedure — Train procedure users on the procedure —Distribute procedure... 

Depending on your procedure delivery system, you may have to create hard copies of the procedures to distribute or add files to a computer system to ensure that the procedure users can access the procedures. Time spent distributing the new or revised procedure and removing the old ones is another cost factor. 

Validation test environment including related documents, along with standard operating procedures, user manuals, and system development/maintenance and documentation... 

The ongoing provision of easily accessible documentation to support training including Standard Operating Procedures, user guides, video tutorials and application help functionality. 

The final level. Operations, provides a view of the operational system and acts as the interface between development and operations. It assists in designing and performing system safety activities during system operations. It may contain required or suggested operational audit procedures, user manuals, training materials, maintenance requirements, error reports and change requests, historical usage information, and so on. 

Robustness of the identification procedure Experimental difficulties caused by the determination of the mechanical parameters involved in the identification procedure User-friendliness of the yield criterion Acceptance of the yield criterion in the scien-tificAndustrial community... 

Accessibility ease of doing business. This covers the entire range of contact points between the customer and supply chain. How well are they staffed Are buying procedures user friendly Are responses prompt Will the organization be around when needed after the sale Are rebates easy to get ... 

Procedures can help reduce the danger from hazards. Procedures are sets of actions that people must execute. People must leam to use safe procedures. Designers and safety professionals must develop effective procedures. Users must understand them before applying them. Procedures must be safe and accomplish the desired goal in an efficient manner. One can establish procedures for efficiency, management control, and many other purposes beside safety. There are a number of methods (see Part V) available for analyzing procedures to determine whether they are safe, sufficient, and effective. 

There is a variety of formats for documenting the analysis. One example appears in Figure 31-1. When final, the hazard analysis and recommended practices can become part of an operating procedure, user manual, or training program. 

Consistency between the intentions of the procedure writers and the understanding of the procedure users is ensured by clearly defining ah potentially ambiguous structures and through the adoption of a limited mandatory vocabulary (action verbs). Consistency significantly reduces the probabihty of operator misunderstandings/errors. 

Department of Transportation. (1986). Rail-Highway Crossing Resource Allocation Procedure User s Guide. (Second Edition.) Report FHWA-IP-86-11. Washington D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office. 

Species File is a collection of programs that provides access to, and manipulation of, taxonomic information stored in multiple databases. Each database provides detailed information about taxa contained within the scope of the apex taxon and is coupled to a website that provides the means to interact with and modify information held within the database. Central to Species File functions is the means to store nomenclatural information in a way that is fully compliant with the codes of zoological nomenclature. The Species File development team has produced a template that contains the basic database table structure as well as the stored procedures, user-defined functions and views used by independent Species Files. The template is used as the starting point for new species file databases and is capable of a limited number of customisations. 

In Chapter 10, Sosser Brodersen and Haime Lindegaard uncover a variety of ways in which users are represented in a medical compaity s innovation, test and sales activities. These representations are constituted at the intersection of disciphnary practices, company procedures, user relations in terms of confidentiality and... 

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