Preventive measures risk management

A number of risk indices have been developed over the years as chemical process loss prevention and risk management tools. Many of these are based on the inherent characteristics of the processes, and they can be used as measures of process inherent safety. In general, these indices measure a single aspect of inherent safety, and it is necessary to use several indices to obtain a full understanding of the overall process characteristics. 

One method that may prove useful involves the use of budgetary control which would introduce economic accountability into the field of accident prevention. Such measures would involve the re-organisation of the existing accounting procedures in most companies in order to overcome the lack of accountability for accident prevention and risk management. 

Some ofthe capabilities of professional competent occupational safety practitioners are to be able to accurately assess exposures, characterize risk, determine control and prevention measures, and manage operations w ith practices that are focused on continuous improvement. This book is a ital resource for building that capability —Anthony Veltri, Ed.D., Associate Professor, Unvironmental and Occupational I lealth Safetx Oregon State Unix ersity... 

Nakanishi, J. Oka, T. (1998) The Importance of Risk-Benefit Analysis in Risk Management Decision Makings A Cast Study of a Mercury Pollution Prevention Measure in Japan. Paper presented to OECD Workshop, London. 

All available and relevant information on substances on their own, in preparations and in articles should be collected to assist in identifying hazardous properties, and recommendations about risk management measures should systematically be conveyed through supply chains, as reasonably necessary, to prevent adverse effects on human health and the environment. In addition, communication of technical advice to support risk management should be encouraged in the supply chain, where appropriate."... 

The chemical industry is just beginning to develop tools for measuring inherent safety. Some of these tools have been used for risk management and loss prevention for some time, but we are just beginning to recognize their value in understanding the inherent safety of processes. 

Post-MI management calls for strict adherence to a program of secondary prevention. Cardiac risk factors have to be excluded or modified, for instance, by reduction of overweight, cessation of smoking, optimal control of diabetes mellitus, and physical exercise (a dog that loves to run is an ideal training partner). Supportive pharmacother-apeutic measures include administration of platelet aggregation inhibitors, p-blockers, and ACE inhibitors. 

There are some key reasons for regulating the flow of chemicals to the market independently of other legislation. One reason is the need for preventive measures early in the supply chain, covering protection of the environment, workers, consumers and property. Preventive measures, such as risk and safety information (labelling and SDS), as well as bans and restrictions on trade with very hazardous chemicals support, simplify and make more cost-efficient risk management for exposure and emission control at later stages (transport, use, waste handling, etc.). 

Country-specific and overlapping recommendations are summarised in Table 4.6, organised according to preventive and protective measures. A framework for risk management under REACH must consider these existing strengths and weaknesses of chemical management at national and EU levels. 

With regards to chemical risk management, safety refers to the application of knowledge on protective and preventive measures to limit, reduce and avoid chemical risks. 

It is the Project Manager s nontransferable responsibility not only to implement the risk prevention measures, but also to contribute to the venture level discussions with realistic cost estimates and schedule information to evaluate the various options under consideration. 

Preventative measures may be taken in order to avoid or mitigate possible harm from uncertain risks and this will depend on the degree of importance and indeed harm of such risks. The prudent avoidance concept is defined as the full set of voluntary measures that can be taken by private individuals to minimize any unnecessary and/or easily avoidable exposure. The precautionary approach is, on the other hand, a risk management tool allowing decision makers to take action when scientific indications of possible serious and irreversible health hazards are judged to be sufficient to establish reasonable doubt . Preventative measures, however, cannot be based on a hypothetical risk. 

Prevention is the single most important aspect in the management of pressure sores. Prevention is far easier and less costly than the intensive care necessary for the healing and eventual closure of pressure sores. Of primary importance, then, is the ability to identify patients who are at high risk so that preventive measures may be instituted. 

The performance of systematic risk assessments is a task often taken by federal agencies like US EPA, US FDA, EU EFSA or national institutions. The result of a risk assessment is a starting point for the risk manager, e.g., the ministries, to develop adequate measures, like controls, limits or use restrictions. In the structured approach to the risk analysis the precautionary principle can be particularly relevant to the risk management. It shall be applied in those circumstances where scientific evidence is insufficient or imcertain and when there are indications for concern [95]. In order to prevent a disproportionately intensive use measures based on the precautionary principle should be... 

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