Pre-commercial

This process uses a thermal treatment of wood impregnated with a chemically modified vegetable oil. It is claimed that wood treated using this process does not exhibit the usual reduction in mechanical properties associated with a thermal treatment. This process is at a pre-commercial pilot stage at the time of writing. 

Australia Ceramic Fuel Cells Limited was demonstrated a 5 kWe laboratory prototype fuel cell system in 1997. Their system has thin sheet steel components as interconnects in a planer fuel cell design. They are currently scaling up to a 25 kWe pre-commercial stack module. 

Ari Bousbib, Corp. Exec. VP/Pres., Commercial Companies... 

The first section will describe the basis upon which the 20 CC alliances were chosen for analysis and the general characteristics of these alliances as a group. The second section reviews the pre-commercial payments to the biotech (biotech is used hereafter to imply a biotechnology company) partner in each alliance, with emphasis on noncancelable payments (firm payments). The third section then subdivides these agreements on the basis of what CC services are made available to the biotech s commercialization partner. The fourth section compares several CC biotechs methods of allocating compound exclusivity among their respective alliance partners. 

Like other early stage R D alliances, a large fraction of total pre-commercial payments from pharma licensee to biotech licensor in CC alliances comes in the form of R D reimbursement. Such reimbursement is usually negotiated as a minimum annual payment per year (R D/yr), either on a fixed dollar basis or as a function of the number of biotech full-time equivalent scientists (FTEs) expected to conduct the alliance program. In addition, R D reimbursement is usually negotiated for an expected number of years (R D term), although often it is possible for the licensee to cancel R D reimbursement prior to the completion of the R D term. 

In 1999, DOE issued a solicitation seeking proposals to evaluate the technical and financial feasibility of projects known as EECP (early entrance coproduction plant). These plants are aimed at demonstrating the operations of advanced CTL technologies in integrated mode at pre-commercial or commercial scale units. The study was structured in three phases Phase I (concept definition and research/development and testing planning). Phase II... 

Despite the growing interest in S EM Rs during the past 25 years, there is at present no industrial application of these reactors, except in the case of potentiometric sensors. Examples of the application of membrane reactors operating under closed-circuit conditions are briefly described in the following sections, with special emphasis on the laboratory set-ups used for materials studies and on membrane reactors presently in the pre-commercial phase, such as SOFCs or oxygen generators. 

MCFC have reached a high developmental level and are expected to be ready for market entry before 2000. The MCFC is approaching the stage of the first, pre-commercial demonstration units [5]. Present prototypes have a power of 300 kW large units have been operated for more than 40,000 hours. Power plants in the range of 0.25 - 1 MW are in development in Japan and the US. The world s largest MCFC demonstration power plant with 2 MW has begun its operation in Santa Clara, California, in April 1996 [19]. The construction of a 3 MW unit in New York State has been initiated [4]. MCFC are unlikely to be commercialized below ft 500 kW because of system complexity [29]. 

As stated earlier, many forests are understocked. Some of the biomass surplus will need to be left on site to increase the amount of growing stock and therefore increase future yields. The increasing demand for wood products and fuelwood presents an opportunity for forest improvement practices as never before. Pre-commercial thinnings and improvement cuttings may now be profitable in supplying wood for energy uses while increasing the production of quality timber in the future. 

The objective of the EECP solicitation was to seek proposals to perform feasibility studies for CTL coproduction projects at pre-commercial or commercial scale units. The work scope includes three phases. Phase I is the project conception definition and planning for further R D and testing... 

The Energy research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), produces and offers a line of hydrogen separation modules (Hysep) on a pre-commercial basis for evaluation purposes. The technology is based on Palladium membranes which are capable of separating high purity hydrogen from a gas mixture. 

In modeling and simulating MR, Pd-based membranes are selected in this chapter to exploit their very high selectivity and because their development is at a pre-commercial status. For typical Pd-based selective membrane performance. 

Inclusion of a process in this section is based upon several factors and omission of a process from this section is not to be construed as a negative comment about the suitability of that process. The first factor given consideration is whether or not the concept was close to conunercialization, or at least has moved toward commercialization (Figure 19.1) after initial testing had indicated a workable concept. Another factor is that the concept must have shown promise during pre-commercialization testing. A further consideration is concept novelty and the ability of the concept to produce the desired products. 

Based on this paper and on various other papers dealing with both theoretical and experimental works, recently the same group presented the experimental findings of pre-commercial MR prototypes for both methane reforming and ATR (with air addition) [49, 50]. The authors used optimized plane membranes, where a single two-side planar membrane panel consists of two Pd-Ag foils mounted on a porous stainless steel base using proprietary MRT sealing and protection techniques. 

A three phase project was developed. Phase 1 consisted of a proof of concept with focus on coilability under load (successfully completed in 2012) Phase 2 was to proceed with operational speed and load durability optimization NDT Development and Phase 3, a pre-commercialization in-situ operational mine trial. 

A bio-based industry of critical size will cope with a cycle time of 6-8 years product and process development, with a corresponding high cost of new investment for pre-commercial demonstration, first and N h production plant. Economy of scale of development programs and of operation will establish production platforms for... 

There are numerous potential biomedical applications for on-line breath analysis instruments. For example, as shown in one of the projects described above, laser spectroscopic on-line monitoring of C2H6 in exhaled breath could serve as a non-invasive means of acquiring information on oxidative stress status. However, it should be emphasized that any clinical reliance on exhaled biomarkers will depend strongly on the availability of rugged, fast and inexpensive detection systems. But it is foreseeable that the rapid advances in optical technologies will most likely result in smaller devices in the near future, which are also cheaper and easier to use than the current pre-commercial measurement set-ups. Specifically, innovations in IR lasers and spectroscopic instrumentation may soon enable laser-... 

Advancement of Science and Technology via pre-commercial collaborative Production RD D programs... 

In October 1956 a U.S. Patent was Issued to Du Pont on a high molecular weight, thermally stable polyformaldehyde (4). In an unusual move, Du Pont management decided in December 1956 to mount a large pre-commercial sales development effort, 2-1/2 years before the scheduled mid-1959 commercialization date. 

Early in 1959 Du Pont was granted the trademark Delrin acetal resin, replacing the code Resin 91-X. Pre-commercial sales of Delrin 500X NC-10 and Delrin lOOX NC-10 began at l/lb. 

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