Established products

Reliability prediction - a technique for establishing product characteristics where the reliability targets cannot be measured without testing many hundreds of products over many thousands of hours. (On long production runs of low value items, reliability testing is possible but with one-off systems of high value it is not cost effective hence reliability has to be predicted using statistical techniques.)... 

Market analysis - a technique for establishing product characteristics where the customer requirements are revealed by market survey and determined by statistical techniques for inclusion in specifications. 

How do you identify the need for statistical techniques required for establishing product characteristics ... 

This chapter should be sufficient to guide the engineer or manager through the initial stages of introducing a sound and effective planned maintenance system. However, as in any establishment - production, administration or (as in this case) engineering - without the commitment and... 

This chapter deals with sodium a-olefinsulfonate (AOS) and with sodium internal olefmsulfonate (IOS). AOS is a well-established product and is being applied in many household and industrial formulations. IOS of a sufficiently high quality has only recently been made on laboratory scale and pilot plant scale and has not yet been applied in commercial formulations. AOS and IOS have not only good wetting and detergency properties, but also good tolerance toward water hardness ions, a combination not always observed for other anionic surfactants. 

Whilst the basic process for generation and conversion of syngas is well established, production from biomass poses several challenges. These centre on the co-production of tars and hydrocarbons during the biomass gasification process, which is typically carried out at 800 °C. Recent advances in the production of more robust catalysts and catalytic membrane reactors should overcome many of these challenges. 

Attention has been given to possible adverse effects of incorporating tert-butyl methyl ether into antomobile fuels. tert-Butyl formate is an established product of photolysis, and it has been shown that photolysis in the presence of NO can produce the relatively stable tert-butoxyformyl peroxynitrate. This has a stability comparable to that of peroxy-acetyl nitrate, and may therefore increase the potential for disseminating NO (Kirchner et al. 1997). 

Regulatory functions include licensing of persons, premises and practices, inspection of pharmaceutical establishments, product assessment and registration, QC, control of dmg promotion and advertising and monitoring of ADR. 

Microbial virulence is often the outcome of the complex interactions that take place as the pathogen establishes itself in the human host. The molecular determinants of pathogenicity include factors that cause damage to the host cell and those that help the microbe establish productive infection for survival [35]. The human host immune response counters the presence of these microbes with its acquired or innate immune response arsenal with outcomes that range from acute to chronic or latent infections. A clear definition of the host and microbial... 

Martens JRT, Hoeppner JW, Entz MH (2001) Legume cover crops with winter cereals in Southern Manitoba Establishment, productivity, and microclimate effects. Agron J 93 1086-1096... 

Tables 21.7 and 21. 8 set out in very simple terms the necessary ingredients for establishing product liability, either in negligence or under statute so-called strict liability.

The production of PET is a well-known industrial process. Early patents on PET synthesis refer to the 1940s. Esterification and transesterification reactions have been investigated since the end of the 19th century. PET production plants have been optimized over the last few decades based on well-established production know-how . PET is now a commodity product with unusually rapid growth and further nearly unlimited future growth perspectives. 

UPRs are a mature industry. To assess the value of this new technology against established products is relatively easy and benchmarking is not particularly a problem. 

The repeatability and reproducibility values have important implications for quality. As the demand for clear product specifications, and hence control over product consistency, grows, it is meaningless to establish product specifications that are more restrictive than the reproducibility/repeatability values of the specification test methods. 

The Scottish Medicines Consortium (SMC) was established in 2001 with the remit to provide advice to NHS Boards and their Area Drug and Therapeutics Committees across Scotland about the status of all newly licensed medicines, all new formulations of existing medicines and any major new indications for established products. The SMC process (full details of which are available on their website http //www.scottishmedicines.org.uk/) requires pharmaceutical companies to complete a new product submission form. The aim is to make a recommendation soon after the launch... 

Diffuse (Centaurea diffusa) and spotted knapweed (C. maculosa) are two introduced weeds that have expanded to occupy large areas of rangeland in the dry Interior of the Pacific Northwest. The apparent ability of knapweed to invade established, productive rangeland has been attributed to the action of allelochemicals produced by knapweed (i., ). The potential allelopathic effect of plants such as knapweed is an area of considerable Interest, with researchers looking to exploit this phenomenon in agricultural situations, or simply to explain patterns of plant distribution ( ). 

Poor prescribing may also involve using a new costly drug when a more established product would work as well. Conversely, physicians who do not keep up with new drug discoveries may keep their patients on drugs that are less effective or are causing side effects when newer, better alternatives are available. 

The new ocular endotamponades extend the portfolio of available intraoperative tools, but they do not overcome the side effects already described for the established products. 

An analysis of competing products and potential substitutes revealed that morama products will potentially compete with a number of other, well-established products and brands that are already commercialized. These include soy-based products such as soy milk, soybean oil, and high protein soy flour. The direct implication of this is that for morama bean products to compete on price directly with the competing products, it will need to do so based on the health benefits or other novelty value identified by the current Marama II FP-6 project consortium. Without these, it may prove to be very challenging to the feasibility of these products. 

First, discussing the established production methods, the steps in propellant processing are oxidizer preparation, fuel preparation, propellant mixing, cast, and cure. A standard practice in industries handling... 

All distribution runs must meet the parameter requirements of the corresponding specihcation and established production sterilization cycle. 

To establish production work order sterilization parameters... 

Retrospective validation involves using the accumulated in-process production and final product testing and control (numerical) data to establish that the product and its manufacturing process are in a state of control. Valid in-process results should be consistent with the drug products final specifications and should be derived from previous acceptable process average and process variability estimates, where possible, and determined by the application of suitable statistical procedures, that is, quality control charting, where appropriate. The retrospective validation option is selected when manufacturing processes for established products are considered to be stable and when, on the basis of economic considerations and resource limitations, prospective qualification and validation experimentation cannot be justified. 

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