Powdery mildew wheat

Products 115 protected tomato plants against Altermria solani and Botrytis cinerea, grape against powdery mildew, wheat against brown rust and Septoria leaf spot, barley against net blotch and rice plants against... 

Ascomycetes Prysiphe graminis powdery mildew of wheat/barley... 

Profiling of wheat class III peroxidases genes derived from powdery mildew-attacked epidermis reveals distinct sequence-associated expression patterns / / Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. V. 18. P. 730-741. 

Expression of peroxidases that catalyze crosslinking reactions can he induced by wounding or infection. Well-documented examples include the production of acidic peroxidase isoenzymes in woimded tissue of tobacco (132), potato (133), and tomato (134), and also in wheat plants infected with the powdery mildew fungus, Erysiphe graminis (135). It is known that peroxidase activity can be induced on wounding of horseradish leaves (56), but other mechanisms of defense in horseradish remain to be demonstrated. 

The next figure (Figure 10) demonstrates that the intercellular mycelium in the treated tissue advanced to the mesophyll cells where it elicited a hypersensitive response within colonized, as well as in adjacent cells. The fungicide treatment induced in the susceptible wheat variety a reaction (hypersensitivity) which resembled that of a highly resistant host plant after rust attack, as described earlier for powdery mildew and barley. 

In France and Germany, disease control measures on cereals are directed primarily against foot rot and leaf diseases, or leaf and ear diseases. In the United Kingdom, treatments are generally made for the control of leaf diseases, such as powdery mildew. It should be mentioned that these data do not include the use of the azole-compound triadimenol as a seed dressing for early season protection against powdery mildew and rust fungi on wheat and barley. 

Wheat Powdery mildew Fenpropimorph, Triadimenol, Propiconazole... 

In England, it is recommended that fungicidal treatment for control of powdery mildew on spring barley be applied when 3% of the area of the two oldest green leaves is infested with mildew. For winter wheat in the Federal Republic of Germany, the threshold value is about 1% infested area of the uppermost two leaves or an infestation frequency of more than 60%, that is when about two-thirds of all plants show mildew attack. These values are thought to indicate the presumable beginning of an epidemic development. 

Additional new systemic fungicides are being introduced for wheat disease control. One material CGA 64250 (Tilt),(l-(2-(2,4-di-chlorophenyl)4-propyl-l,3,-dioxolan-2-yl methyl)-H-l,2,4-triazole), is effective for control of powdery mildew, rust, and Septoria leaf blotch. However at this point in time, it is not certain whether U.S. EPA registration will allow a short enough interval between treatment and harvest for effective disease control by this compound. 

Foliar sprays require application during the growing season. An alternative would be seed treatment with a long-term systemic fungicide that could be applied at planting. Such a material is currently being tested. Triadimenol (Baytan), (8-(4-Chlorophenoxy)-a-(l, 1-dime-thylethyl)-lH-l,2,4-triazole-l-ethanol), when applied as a seed treatment, will provide control of powdery mildew on wheat into mid-season. In most years, this would preclude the need for foliar sprays for powdery mildew control, but does not provide a solution for control of Septoria leaf blotch or late season leaf rust. 

James, W.C. and C.S. Shih. 1973. Relationship between Incidence and Severity of Powdery Mildew and Leaf Rust on Winter Wheat. Phytopathology 63 183-187. 

Table HI. Control of wheat powdery mildew and stem rust in foliar greenhouse tests for phenyl substituted 2-butyl-2-cyano-phenethyltriazoles...

Emphasize powdery mildew on grapes, apple scab, Septo-ria on wheat, late leaf spot of peanuts, dollar spot of turfgrass, and brown rot of stone fruit. 

In the development of the first wheat species produced by biotechnological methods, patented as GK KINCSO , genes resistant to mildew, powdery mildew, and stem rust were incorporated into wheat improvement raw materials. 

Trichothecin is effective against several fungi, for example root rot of cereals (Helminthosporium sativum), loose smut of wheat (Ustilago tritici), diseases of sour cherry and cherry (Voros, 1955), fusarium wilt of Pinaceae (Belimova and Lopatin, 1963) and powdery mildew of tobacco (Manucharjan, 1964). Its most promising practical applications are the control Verticillium wilt of cotton and of the fusarium diseases of field crops (Askarova and Joffe, 1962 Bunina, 1960 1963). 

Crop. ProL Confi -Pests Dis. 1977, 593 R. G. Harris et al, ibid. 1979, 53. Efficacy against cereal powdery mildew D. M. Weigh ton et al, ibid. 1977, 25. Protective effect against blotch in winter wheat and barley R. G. Harris, G. Barnes, ibid. 1981, 267. Effect on cytochrome P-450 and sterol biosynthesis in Japanese quail J.-L. Riviere et al, Pestic. Sci. 15, 317 (1984). Review A. de Seint-Blanquat, J. My, Def. Veg. 37, 121 (1983). 

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