Powders function

Under high pressure powdered PETN agglomerates to a mass which has the appearance of porcelain, but which, when broken up into grains, is a very powerful smokeless powder functioning satisfactorily with the primers which are commonly used in small arms ammunition. The powder is hot and unduly erosive, but cooler powders have been prepared by incorporating and compressing PETN in binary or in ternary mixtures with TNT,... 

In conclusion, we first described the one step synthesis of nanoporous organosilica powders functionalized with a Non Linear Optical chromophore in the channel pore (azobenzene diethylphosphonate). These powders have been totally characterized and present a meso-porosity with a wormlike structure. Thin films monofunction-alised with NLO chromophore in the channel pores or bifunctionalized (NLO in the channel pores/erbium salt in the framework) were also prepared in one step and characterized by Grazing Incidence Small angle X-ray Scattering (GISAXS) and X-ray reflectivity. Interestingly, while the monofunctional thin film presents a lamellar structure, the bifunctional one (channel pores/framework)... 

Of all the major unit processes in conventional milk powder manufacture such as preheating, concentration, and drying, the preheating step has the major effect on milk powder functionality. In fact, skim milk powders are still classified on the basis of the heat treatment applied to the milk during powder manufacture (American Dairy Products Institute,... 

E) F unctionalization of membranes - Membranes containing functional groups, which dominate their choice and use as reactive materials, are made by (a) polymerizing styrene-divinylbenzene in sheet-shaped molds followed by further chemical reactions for incorporation of the active species, (b) copolymerization of the functionalized monomer with divinylbenzene in thin film form, and (c) mechanically incorporating powdered functionalized polymer into a sheet of some other extrudable or moldable matrix [77-82]. 

Flash powders are among the most energetic, sensitive, and explosive of all pyrotechnic compositions. There is sometimes debate and friendly discussion about whether or not very reactive flash powders function by a deflagration or detonation mechanism. It is trnly an academic argument—there is no question that they can explode violently, whatever the reaction process is. 

The Direct Current Potential Drop method (DCPD) has been evaluated for non destructive testing of uniaxially produced Powder Metallurgical (P/M) parts. The aim is to adapt DCPD to be functional as an ndt tool during production of parts. Defects can occur at different stages in the production cycle which means that DCPD has to be performed on components in different states and searching for different defects. 

The heat of immersion is measured calorimetrically with finely divided powders as described by several authors [9,11-14] and also in Section XVI-4. Some hi data are given in Table X-1. Polar solids show large heats of immersion in polar liquids and smaller ones in nonpolar liquids. Zetdemoyer [15] noted that for a given solid, hi was essentially a linear function of the dipole moment of the wetting liquid. 

Lithium aluminium hydride LiAlH is a useful and conveuient reagent for the selective reduction of the carbonyl group and of various other polar functional groups. It is obtained by treatment of finely powdered lithium hydride with an ethereal solution of anhydrous aluminium chloride ... 

The swelling of the adsorbent can be directly demonstrated as in the experiments of Fig. 4.27 where the solid was a compact made from coal powder and the adsorbate was n-butane. (Closely similar results were obtained with ethyl chloride.) Simultaneous measurements of linear expansion, amount adsorbed and electrical conductivity were made, and as is seen the three resultant isotherms are very similar the hysteresis in adsorption in Fig. 4.27(a), is associated with a corresponding hysteresis in swelling in (h) and in electrical conductivity in (c). The decrease in conductivity in (c) clearly points to an irreversible opening-up of interparticulate junctions this would produce narrow gaps which would function as constrictions in micropores and would thus lead to adsorption hysteresis (cf. Section 4.S). 

Bulk Density. Bulk density, or the apparent density, refers to the total amount of space or volume occupied by a given mass of dry powder. It includes the volume taken up by the filler particles themselves and the void volume between the particles. A functional property of fillers in one sense, bulk density is also a key factor in the economics of shipping and storing fillers. 

Standards for dmg chemicals are pubUshed ia USP—NE. Dmg substances are chemicals that have therapeutic or diagnostic uses, whereas pharmaceutical iagredients provide preservative action, fiavoiing, or hilfillment of a function ia the formulation of dosage-form dmgs. Examples of dmg substances are acetaminophen [103-90-2] ampicillin [69-53-4] aspirin [50-78-2] powdered ipecac, riboflavin [83-88-5] staimous fluoride [7783-47-3] and thyroid. Examples of pharmaceutical iagredients are ethylparaben [120-47-8] lactose [63-42-3] magnesium stearate [557-04-0] sodium hydroxide [1310-73-2] starch [9005-25-8] and vanillin [121-33-5],... 

The ease of sample handling makes Raman spectroscopy increasingly preferred. Like infrared spectroscopy, Raman scattering can be used to identify functional groups commonly found in polymers, including aromaticity, double bonds, and C bond H stretches. More commonly, the Raman spectmm is used to characterize the degree of crystallinity or the orientation of the polymer chains in such stmctures as tubes, fibers (qv), sheets, powders, and films... 

In sintering, the green compact is placed on a wide-mesh belt and slowly moves through a controlled atmosphere furnace (Fig. 3). The parts are heated to below the melting point of the base metal, held at the sintering temperature, and cooled. Basically a solid-state process, sintering transforms mechanical bonds, ie, contact points, between the powder particles in the compact into metallurgical bonds which provide the primary functional properties of the part. 

Apparent Density. This term refers to the weight of a unit volume of loose powder, usually expressed in g/cm (l )- The apparent density of a powder depends on the friction conditions between the powder particles, which are a function of the relative surface area of the particles and the surface conditions. It depends, furthermore, on the packing arrangement of the particles, which depends on the particle size, but mainly on particle size distribution and the shape of the particles. 

Microcapsules are used in several film coatings other than carbonless paper. Encapsulated Hquid crystal formulations coated on polyester film are used to produce a variety of display products including thermometers. Polyester film coated with capsules loaded with leuco dyes analogous to those used in carbonless copy paper is used as a means of measuring line and force pressures (79). Encapsulated deodorants that release their core contents as a function of moisture developed because of sweating represent another commercial appHcation. Microcapsules are incorporated in several cosmetic creams, powders, and cleansing products (80). 

Millet Jelly Production. Starch powder is heated together with oxahc acid and hydrolyzed to produce millet jelly. Oxahc acid functions as a hydrolysis catalyst, and is removed from the product as calcium oxalate. This apphcation is carried out in Japan. 

Because the heat distortion temperature of cured epoxy resins (qv) increases with the functionality of the curing agents, pyromellitic dianhydride is used to cross-link epoxy resins for elevated temperature service. The dianhydride may be added as a dispersion of micropulverized powder in liquid epoxy resin or as a glycol adduct (158). Such epoxies may be used as an insulating layer in printed circuit boards to improve heat resistance (159). Other uses include inhibition of corrosion (160,161), hot melt traffic paints (162), azo pigments (163), adhesives (164), and photoresist compounds (165). 

Catalytic properties are dependent on physical form, principally the exposed surface area which is a function of particle size. Industrial PGM catalysts are in the form of finely divided powder, wine, or gauze, or supported on substrates such as carbon or alumina (see Catalysis Catalysts, supported). 

Potassium [7440-09-7] K, is the third, element ia the aLkaU metal series. The name designation for the element is derived from potash, a potassium mineral the symbol from the German name kalium, which comes from the Arabic qili, a plant. The ashes of these plants al qili) were the historical source of potash for preparing fertilisers (qv) or gun powder. Potassium ions, essential to plants and animals, play a key role in carbohydrate metaboHsm in plants. In animals, potassium ions promote glycolysis, Hpolysis, tissue respiration, and the synthesis of proteins (qv) and acetylcholine. Potassium ions are also beheved to function in regulating blood pressure. 

Flooding. When a stable rathole forms in a bin and fresh material is added, or when material falls into the channel from above, a flood can occur if the bulk sohd is a fine powder. As the powder falls into the channel, it becomes entrained in the air in the channel and becomes fluidized (aerated). When this fluidized material reaches the outlet, it is likely to flood from the bin, because most feeders are designed to handle sohds, not fluids (see Eluidization). Fimited Discharge Kate. Bulk sohds, especially fine powders, sometimes flow at a rate lower than required for a process. This flow rate limitation is often a function of the material s air or gas permeabihty. Simply increasing the speed of the feeder does not solve the problem. There is a limit to how fast material... 

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