Potential environmental impact

Site characterization studies include a surface-based testing program, potential environmental impact, and societal aspects of the repository. Performance assessment considers both the engineered barriers and the geologic environment. Among features being studied are the normal water flow, some release of carbon-14, and abnormal events such as volcanic activity and human intmsion. The expected date for operation of the repository is 2013. 

Until recently, the NRA has not participated during the approval process in assessing the potential environmental impact of pesticides. However, the NRA does supply monitoring data to MAFF and HSE for pesticide reviews. These occur once a pesticide has been approved for use for a certain length of time, or when further information is needed on an approved pesticide. In supplying these data, the NRA comments on any areas of concern. This contributed to the 1993 ban on the use of atrazine and simazine on non-cropped land. In January 1995 the NRA s National Centre for Toxic and Persistent Substances (TAPS) was made advisor to the DoF, on the potential impact on the aquatic environment of... 

The principal shortcoming with SCREENS is the lack of graphical displays. Interactive graphics that enable plume tracking are invaluable in assessing potential environmental impacts and public health risks from episodic releases. There are a... 

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a compilation and evaluation of inputs, outputs, and the potential environmental impacts of a product system throughout its life cycle. The LCA methodology is comprehensively described based on the ISO 14000 series standards. References are also given to I.CA information sources. 

Figure 9.20 Potential environmental impacts and resource usage associated with the formation of solid products by crystallization from solution after Sharratt, 1996)...

Impact Assessment. One of the more common methods of assessing the data is to put a numerical value on various potential environmental impact criteria namely ... 

The goal of the LCA case study on printed matter [8] was to identify the distribution of potential environmental impacts (hot spots) and resource consumption during the life cycle of generic sheet fed offset printed matter produced at a European model printing house. The functional unit is 1 ton of sheet fed offset printed matter (books, pamphlets, brochures, etc.). 

Accordingly, Eldin et al. [66,67] proposed and developed a methodology for the evaluation of the potential environmental impact of common highway C R materials. The project was planned in three phases, as follows ... 

Two useful measures of the potential environmental impact of chemical processes are the F-factor, defined as the mass ratio of waste to desired product, and the... 

Figure 9.1 compares the synthesis of acetophenone by classic oxidation of 1-phenylethanol with stoichiometric amounts of chromium oxide and sulphuric acid, with an atom efficiency of 42%, with the heterogeneous catalytic oxidation with O2, with an atom efficiency of 87%, and with water as the only by-product. This is especially important if we consider the environmental unfriendliness of chromium salts the potential environmental impact of reactions can be expressed by the environmental quotient (EQ), where E is the E-factor (kg waste/kg product) and Q is the environmental unfriendliness quotient of the waste. If Q is... 

Abstract The feasibility of a method of concentrate management depends on a wide range of factors. The selection is very much site specific, and for each site often only one or two concentrate management options are feasible. Of particular importance is the quality of the concentrate, the cost of the process, any potential environmental impacts and regulations surrounding the method of concentrate management. 

The concentrate volume and plant location will tend to be the two major factors that determine the suitability of a particular option. The concentration of the brine is also important, as the severity of potential environmental impacts generally increases with increasing concentration. The siting of a desalination plant must take into account the availability of disposal options, along with potential sources of feed water for the plant and the proximity to the end user. 

Cole IS, Ganther W (1996) A preliminary investigation into airborne salinity adjacent to and within the envelope of Australian houses. Constr BnUd Mat 10 203-207 Colvin VL (2003) The potential environmental impact of engineered nanomaterials. Natnre bio-technol 21 1166-1170... 

One important aspect of any cleanup technique, is the type of degradation products that are produced. These products must be known in order to assess their potential environmental impact and toxicological hazards. One of the major degradation products of diazinon, oxypyrimidine was measured in soil after treatment with parathion hydrolase. Figure 6 shows that oxypyrimidine increases in soil as the diazinon is degraded by the enzyme. 

To assess the potential environmental impact, studies on environmental fate and effects were conducted for a risk assessment. Steger-Hartmann et al. [125] calculated the predicted environmental concentration (PEC) in surface water and compared the resulting concentration of 2 g with the predicted no-effect... 

Nonetheless, the research in catalysis by ionic liquids is at an early stage, and questions remain regarding potential applications. For example, the solubility of a reactant in an ionic liquid may limit the rate of the desired reaction. Some ionic liquids are moisture-sensitive, particularly those containing metal halides. A small loss of ionic liquid into the products may necessitate costly purification steps. The cost of ionic liquids has also limited their applications, and there is significant uncertainty regarding the toxicity and potential environmental impact of some ionic liquids. 

Tromp TK, Sbia RL, Allen M, Filer JM, Yung YL (2003) Potential environmental impact of a hydrogen economy on the stratosphere. Science 300 1740-1742... 

Holmes, K. J., and J. H. Ellis, Potential Environmental Impacts of Future Halocarbon Emissions, Enriron. Sci. Techno/., 30, 348A-355A (1996). 

The Texas Transportation Institute has just completed a very extensive two year FHWA sponsored program to look into other aspects of safety and environmental impact of sulfur-asphalt construction [53]. A number of typical sulfur-asphalt and sulfur-concrete paving systems were evaluated to assess their potential environmental impact and establish safety considerations relative to their formulation, construction and maintenance. The environmental impact was investigated from the formulation stages, through weathering, and included considerations of simulated fires and chemical spills. 

Further developments in transparency of the potential environmental impact of pharmaceuticals can be expected. The pharmaceutical research industry has made a good start with the voluntary development of the Swedish Environmental Classification Scheme [38], and this has generated much interest in other countries (E. Gagnon, personal communication) [39, 40]. 

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