Pesticides approval

Bentazone has been monitored in the NRA Anglian Region since 1993 and the results show that bentazone is regularly present in surface and groundwaters. Currently there are no restrictions on its use, but bentazone is due to be reviewed under the Authorizations Directive, the new European legislation for pesticide approvals, and the issue of water pollution will be raised. 

Tables 14.6, 14.7, 14.8, 14.9 and 14.10 provide further insight into the comparative properties and toxicity of pesticides applied on organic and conventional farms to treat a given type of pest. Table 14.6 lists the primary pesticides approved for use on organic farms and their uses and target pests. Tables 14.7-14.10 again list the major organic pesticides, along with two or three conventional pesticide alternatives that are used by conventional farmers to manage the same pest problems. Tables 14.7 and 14.8 summarize the rates of application of these pesticides, while Tables 14.9 and 14.10 focus on relative measures of toxicity to mammals and other organisms.

Table 14.6 Primary pesticides approved in the United States for use in organic production... 

Registered Pesticide A pesticide approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for use as stated on the label of the container. 

Another concern is that the pesticides market is most probably underestimated in Asia. Given the production/consumption relationship between markets, it has been noted that the EU system of creating positive and negative lists of pesticides creates mixed consequences for Asian countries. On one hand, it has led to some dangerous pesticides being phased out (partly because of EU limits on pesticide residues in foods imported from Asia). On the other, pesticides approved in... 

Pesticides approved for organic production also have to comply with the PSD requirements. However, it must be stressed that the use of any plant protection product on an organic crop is seen very much as being a matter of last resort. Growers need to seek derogations for their use from their certification body. The EU is currently undergoing a complete review of all pesticide approvals and there is a strong likelihood that substances such as copper and sulphur will be dropped from the approvals list in future. 

Pesticide approval In the system applied in Sweden before it became a member of the EU, the Snbstitution Principle was applied when pesticides were reviewed. An application to import and sell a certain type of pesticide on the Swedish market was to be denied if a less dangerous pesticide that could be used for the same purpose already existed on the market. 

For many years pyrethrins synergized by PBO was the only pesticide approved for post-harvest applications as a direct admixture to durable products such as grain and pulses in stoic. Soon the high cost of pyrelhrins. plus their erratic supply. began to threaten this supremacy. This instigated more studies on synergism to identify the most cost-effective synergists and ratios,... 

Biocides have to be registered under the Swedish pesticide approval scheme. 

As indicated above, the nature and amount of data required for pesticide approval depend on the properties and use of each active substance. A stepwise, tiered or triggered approach allows an efficient selection of tests essential to each individual contamination risk analysis. The environmental exposure to a pesticide depends primarily on the following factors. 

The debate about carcinogenicity barely faded away when the first reports appeared decrying the damaging effects of pesticides on the human immune system. Many experts urged the increased use of immunotoxicological testing in pesticide approval processes. 

The Regulations also cover the need for users to be competent and have received adequate information and training. Certificates of competence (or working under the supervision of a person with a certificate) are required where pesticides, approved for agricultural use are used commercially. 

EC document S ANCO/3030/99 rev.4 11/07/00. Technical material and preparations guidance for generating and reporting methods of analysis in support of pre- and post registration data requirements for Annex II (part A, Section 4) and Annex III (part A, Section 5) of Directive 91/414. http //ec.europa.eu/food/plant/pesticides/approval active substances/docs/ wrkdocl3 en.pdf. Accessed 15 Oct 2013... 

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