Potato insecticides

Botanical Pyrethrum Pyganic, Safer Whitefly, aphid, leafhopper Tomato, cucumber, apple, potato Insecticide... 

Up until 1986 the major use for 2-j -butylphenol was in the production of the herbicide, 2-j -butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol [88-85-7] which was used as a pre- and postemergent herbicide and as a defoHant for potatoes (30). The EPA banned its use in October 1986 based on a European study which showed that workers who came in contact with 2-j -butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol experienced an abnormally high rate of reproduction problems. Erance and the Netherlands followed with a ban in 1991. A significant volume of 2-j -butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol is used worldwide as a polymerization inhibitor in the production of styrene where it is added to the reboiler of the styrene distillation tower to prevent the formation of polystyrene (31). OSBP is used in the Par East as the carbamate derivative, 2-j -butylphenyl-Ai-methylcarbamate [3766-81-2] (BPMC) (32). BPMC is an insecticide used against leaf hoppers which affect the rice fields. 

Oxamyl (Vydate) 0.2 0.2 Slight nervous system effects Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on apples, potatoes, and tomatoes... 

In addition to HPLC/fluorescence, there are references to the use of both APCI and/or ESI with HPLC/MS for the determination of A/-methyl carbamate insecticides in a variety of matrices." Ongoing studies at the US EPA for the determination of /V-methyl carbamate insecticides in nine fmits and vegetables at the 1.0 ngg level are described below. The fruits and vegetables investigated were cranberries, peaches, blueberries, kiwi, carrots, tomatoes, potatoes, lettuce, and grapefmit juice. The purpose of including an account of this work is to illustrate why HPLC/MS/MS is the method of choice for residue work at the 1.0 ng g level, especially for difficult matrices. 

The introduction of the Colorado potato beetle into various European countries has created a potential market for insecticides. Its recent spread into Germany and Poland has been followed by a marked increase in the use of various kinds. The past history of this insect indicates that steadily increasing amounts of insecticides will be needed annually in order to control it. 

In 1947 the yield of potatoes treated with DDT insecticides increased as much as 30% above the yield in untreated fields. 

The use of plant extracts for insect control dates into antiquity the use of Paris green as an insecticide for control of the Colorado potato beetle in 1867 probably marks the beginning of the modern era of chemical control of injurious insects. The development of lead arsenate followed later in the nineteenth century for gypsy moth control. The commercial production of nicotine insecticides, the production of calcium arsenate at the time of the first world war, and the use of fluorine, arsenical, and cyanide compounds, as well as other inorganic chemicals for insect control, were important steps in pest control. These chemicals were applied largely by dilute high pressure sprays or dusts. 

Today, marketing a new insecticide can take a decade, but Geigy did it in three years. In 1942, Geigy sold almost a pound per capita of DDT-laced insecticide in Switzerland and saved the country s wartime potato crop from a heavy infestation of Colorado beetles. With the discoveries of organophosphate in Germany and chlorinated hydrocarbons like DDT in Switzerland, the era of synthetic chemical pesticides had begun. 

Anonymous. DDT. Journal for the Society of Dyers and Colourists. 61 (Dec. 1945) 335-336. Source for Geigy s mothproofer natural insecticides inadequate key beetle experiment DDT shirts concentration camps postwar uses of DDT how DDT kills Swiss potatoes saved and Naples epidemic. 

By the beginning of the 1990s, houseflies, Colorado potato beetles, cockroaches, peach aphids, cabbage moths and several other insect species became insensitive to all the insecticides used. 

Biological Beuveria bassiana Mycotrol, Naturalis Thrips, whitefly, aphid, Colorado potato beetle, caterpillars, ants Various fruits and vegetables Insecticide... 

Rotenone No longer approved Caterpillar, beetles, aphids Potato, apple Insecticide... 

Used industrially as a solvent and cleaning agent used to manufacture insecticides, dyes, pharmaceuticals, thiodiethylene glycol, ethylene oxide, and ethylene glycol. Used in agriculture to treat sweet potatoes before planting. 

In the first year, the maximum concentrations of sulfoxide and sulfone in soil, seed potatoes, and foliage were approximately 2, 2, and 6 times, respectively, the concentrations of those metabolites measured in the second and third year treatments. These results demonstrated that enhanced microbial degradation of relatively minor insecticidal compounds in the soil can significantly affect insecticide levels in the plant (when these degradation products are the major insecticidal component accumulated). As the sulfoxide and the sulfone metabolites are the major toxicants in the foliage of potato plants grown in disulfoton-treated soil, this reduction in toxicant residues overtime can be expected to reduce insecticide efficacy. 

Chapman RA, Harris CR, Tolman JH, et al. 1994b. The persistence of insecticidal chemical, insoils treated with granular formulations of disulfoton and their uptake by potato plants. J Environ Sci Health Part B Pest Food Contamin Agric 29(2) 233-245. 

In a very local area in Mexico, the larvae of Phyrdenus muriceus have been found to be an important pest of potatoes. The application of soil insecticides, including aldrin, dieldrin, and chlordan, have given good control in experimental tests. Further work, however, needs to be done with this pest before definite conclusions may be made. As in other countries, the use of DDT applied to the foliage results in healthier plants and greater yields. 

L. M. Field, A. L. Devonshire, B. G. Forde, Molecular Evidence that Insecticide Resistance in Peach-Potato Aphids (Myzus persicae Sulz.) Results from Amplification of an Esterase Gene , Biochem. J. 1988, 257, 309-312. 

Uses Solvent for cellulose acetate, ethylcellulose manufacturing insecticides, ethylene oxide, and ethylene glycol treating sweet potatoes before planting organic synthesis (introduction of the hydroxyethyl group). 

Sharma DC, Badiyala A, Choudhary A, Bioefficacy and persistent toxicity of biopesticides and insecticides against potato tubet moth, Phthorimaea opercullela Zell, on spring potato, Pestic Res] 18 43- 6, 2006. 

Scott IM, Jensen H, Scott JG, Isman MB, Arnason JT, Philogene BJR, Botanical insecticides for controlling agricultural pests Piperamides and the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae), Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 54 212—225, 2003. 

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