Insecticide natural

Elliott M, Famham AW, Janes NF, Needham PH, Pearson BC (1967) 5-Benzyl-3-furylmethyl chrysanthemate, a new potent insecticide. Nature 213 493 194... 

Holan G, O keefe DF, Virgona C, Walser R (1978) Structural and biological link between pyrethroids and DDT in new insecticides. Nature 272 734-736... 

Barnes JM, Verscholyle RD (1974) Toxicity of new pyrethroid insecticide. Nature 248 711... 

Some pyrethroids have as many as eight different isomers, and there are several different types. Acute toxicity of a mixture of two isomers depends on the ratio of the amounts of isomers in the formulation. For example, the female rat s acute oral LD50 of permethrin increases from 224 mg/kg to 6,000 mg/kg as the proportion of transisomer increases from 20% to 80%. The route of exposure also is critical in assessing the acute toxicity of a synthetic pyrethroid. Like DDT and many other registered insecticides, naturally occurring pyrethrins and the synthetic pyrethroids are nerve poisons. 

Many other ketones and aldehydes are used as flavorings and additives to foods, drugs, and other products. For example, benzaldehyde is the primary component of almond extract, and (- )-carvone gives spearmint chewing gum its minty flavor. Table 18-4 lists some simple ketones and aldehydes with well-known odors and flavors. Pyrethrin, isolated frompyrethrum flowers, is commercially extracted for use as a natural insecticide. Natural or not, pyrethrin can cause severe allergic reactions, nausea, vomiting, and other toxic effects in animals. 

Piericidins are the first compounds obtained by the screening search for insecticidal natural products among microbial metabolites.10 They were isolated from Streptomyces mobaraensis in 1963,11 and many piericidin derivatives have been found in microbial metabolites until now.12 Piericidins are not used as insecticides practically, but are important biological reagents because they have specific inhibitory activity toward the mitochondrial electron transport chain protein nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-ubiquinone reductase (complex I).13 Piericidin Ax (1 in Figure 1) is biosynthesized as a polyketide,14 but genes responsible for its biosynthesis are not yet identified. Total synthesis of piericidins A (1) was reported recently.15... 

Holan, G. Rational design of degradable insecticides. Nature 232, 644 (1971). 

Huryn, D.M. and Okabe, M., AIDS-driven nucleoside chemistry, Chem. Rev. 92 (8), 1745, 1992. Holan, G., Rational design of degradable insecticides. Nature (London) 232 (5313), 644, 1971. Meyer, W., Application EP 92-810027 92-810027 496701, 1992, N-[[2-[[(3-oxetanyl)oxy]carbo-nyl]phenyl]sulfonyl]urea derivs. and N-[[2-[[(3-thietanyl)oxy]carbonyl]phenyl]sulfonyl]urea derivs., methods for their preparation and their use as herbicides. 19920116. 

SATASOOK, C., ISMAN, M.B., WIRIYACHITRA, P., Toxicity of rocaglamide, an insecticidal natural product to the variegated cutworm, Peridroma saucia (Lepidoptera Noctuidae), Pestic. Scl, 1993,36,53-58. 

Antifreeze and coolants Plavering extracts SefMrink syrups Letiens/creams Cosmsties Cleansing creams Suntan lotions Brake fluids Pharmaeeutieals Insecticides Natural gas treatment... 

Researchers at Novartis performed the arylation of aliphatic N-heterocydes with the complex aryl bromide 43 toward the synthesis of analogs 44 of the insecticidal natural product rocaglamide (Scheme 13.48) [103]. CS2CO3 acted as mild base to prevent side reactions and epimerization. 

Elliott M, Famham AW, Janes NF, Needham PH, Pearson BC (1967) 5-Benzyl-3-furylmethyl chrysanthemate a new potent insecticide. Nature (London) 213 493-494 Elliott M, Janes NF, Kinunel EC, Casida JE (1972) Metabolic fate of pyrethrin I, pyrethrin II, and allethrin administered orally to rats. J Agric Food Chtan 20 300-313... 

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