Potassium salts, inorganic

Plants can also be pests that need to be controlled, particulady noxious weeds infesting food crops. Prior to 1900, inorganic compounds such as sulfuric acid, copper nitrate, sodium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and potassium salts were used to selectively control mustards and other broadleaved weeds in cereal grains. By the early 1900s, Kainite and calcium cyanamid were also used in monocotyledenous crops, as well as iron sulfate, copper sulfate, and sodium arsenate. Prom 1915 to 1925, acid arsenical sprays, carbon bisulfate, sodium chlorate, and others were introduced for weed control use. Total or nonselective herbicides kill all vegetation, whereas selective compounds control weeds without adversely affecting the growth of the crop (see Herbicides). 

Such inorganic compounds as sulphates of heavy metals and calcium [27], sulphites of calcium and potassium, salts of nickel [28] have been reported as thermostabilizers of polyolefins. 

The most important complex with an inorganic C-donor is Au(CN)4, with Au-C 1.98 A in the potassium salt [134],... 

Senti and Witnauer206 have reported studies on the fiber diagrams from various alkali-amyloses. Specimens were obtained by deacetylating clamped specimens of amylose acetate with the appropriate alkali. The positions of the alkali ions and the lateral packing of the amylose chains were determined with the aid of Patterson projections. In the A - and B -modifica-tions, the fiber period was 22.6 A. (extension of 6 D-glucose units), whilst in the V -modification it was 8.0 A. These authors have also studied in detail the addition compounds of amylose and inorganic salts with special reference to the structure of the potassium bromide-amylose compound.206 Oriented alkali fibers were treated with the appropriate salt solution. Stoichiometric compounds were formed. The x-ray patterns from these showed that the addition compounds with potassium salts crystallized in... 

Peroxides. See also Inorganic peroxides Organic peroxides acid hydrolysis of, 23 459 diacyl, 24 282-284 explosive, 20 569-573 formation of, 20 577 as free-radical initiators, 24 279-293 organomercury-containing, 23 445 potassium salts of, 18 478 silylation and, 22 703 stereoisomers of, 28 459 as vulcanizing agents, 22 795 ... 

Potassium carbonate is used in the chemical industry as a source of inorganic potassium salts (potassium silicates, potassium bicarbonate), which are used in fertilizers, soaps, adhesives, dehydrating agents, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. Potassium carbonate used to make potassium lye produces soft soaps, which are liquids or semisolids rather than solids. Other uses of potassium carbonate includes use as a fire suppressant in extinguishers, as a C02 absorbent for chemical processes and pollution control, an antioxidant in rubber additives, and in pharmaceutical formulations. 

Scheme 12.1 Enzymatic solid-to-solid synthesis ofZ-L-Asp-L-PheOMe potassium salt (Z-aspartame potassium salt) using inorganic salts [51].

Addition of aqueous barium chloride to the potassium salt yields the bluish insoluble barium trioxalatochromate (III). Many other heavy metal ions and coordination cations give insoluble chromioxalates which are interesting from the standpoint of inorganic isomerism. 

The unsubstituted nitrogen atom in 1,2,4-dithiazolidines is more prone to electrophilic reactions. Both the potassium salt 11 and the initial product 12 can participate in alkylation and acylation reactions. Alkylation of salt 11 with alkyl halides is carried out in DMF or MeCN and compound 12 can react with alkyl halides in MeCN in the presence of inorganic bases (NaH, Bu OK, AcONa, NaHCOj, CS2CO3) NaHCO( proved to be the base of choice. Yields of alkylation products 26 in some cases reach 85-90%. Compound 12 was acylated by benzoyl chloride in pyridine to form the iV-benzoyl derivative 25 (Scheme 15) <2000SL1622, 20030BC3015>. 

Mobile phases useful for suppressed conductivity detection of anions include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and the sodium and potassium salts of weak acids such as boric acid. In nonsuppressed conductivity detection, the ionic components of the mobile phase are chosen so that their conductivities are as different from the conductivity of the analyte as possible. Large ions with poor mobility are often chosen, and borate-gluconate is popular. For cations, dilute solutions of a strong acid are often used for nonsuppressed conductivity detection. For more information on the application of electrochemical detection to inorganic analysis, see Ion Chromatography Principles and Applications by Haddad and Jackson,17 which provides a comprehensive listing of the sample types, analytes, sample pretreatments, columns, and mobile phases that have been used with electrochemical detection. 

Ketones Ketones with fewer than six carbon atoms Nitriles Acetonitrile Propionitrile Sulfonic acids Sodium or potassium salts of most are acceptable B. Inorganic chemicals Cations Anions... 

Methoxypolyethylene glycol Polyethylene glycol Glycerol Potassium phosphate Inorganic salts, e.g., K+, Na+, Li+, NHj, etc. and PO4", SO4", etc. Glucose, maltose, cellobiose, iso-maltose,... 

Smith. These reagents react under anhydrous conditions, either in acetonitrile at atmospheric pressure or in absence of an organic solvent under autogenous pressure, to form 40-50 % of the potassium salt of 3-hydroxy-4-cyanO l,2,5-thiadiazole (51). Potassium pyro-sulfite is formed as one of the by-products. It is interesting to note that the reaction of sulfur dioxide and potassium cyanide in aqueous media was studied as early as 1879 and reinvestigated under anhydrous conditions by a number of workers since that time. Except for the work of Ross and Smith the products isolated were largely inorganic. 

The two series studied have been prepared from chars with different ash contents, as a result of the acid- and water-washing treatments at which the starting material was submitted. The inorganic matter is constituted mainly by potassium salts and, to a lesser extent, also by sodium and calcium salts, which are known catalysts for the carbon gasification reaction with CO2. Figure 1 plots... 

Many variants are possible. For procedures, see Inorganic Syntheses (24), Brauer (25), and the references cited elsewhere in this Review. The anions are most commonly isolated as the ammonium or potassium salts. In general, the lithium and sodium salts are very soluble in water, and salts of large cations are insoluble. Solutions of the free acids of many heteropolyanions, particularly of the... 

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