Copper , nitrate

TABLE 2-51 Copper Sulfate TABLE 2-52 Cuprous (CuS04) Chloride (CuCI2)  

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Mercuric halides, silver nitrate, and copper nitrates form stable complexes with bis-2.2 -thiazolylazo compounds (1591). for which the X-ray structure is not yet known. 

Plants can also be pests that need to be controlled, particulady noxious weeds infesting food crops. Prior to 1900, inorganic compounds such as sulfuric acid, copper nitrate, sodium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and potassium salts were used to selectively control mustards and other broadleaved weeds in cereal grains. By the early 1900s, Kainite and calcium cyanamid were also used in monocotyledenous crops, as well as iron sulfate, copper sulfate, and sodium arsenate. Prom 1915 to 1925, acid arsenical sprays, carbon bisulfate, sodium chlorate, and others were introduced for weed control use. Total or nonselective herbicides kill all vegetation, whereas selective compounds control weeds without adversely affecting the growth of the crop (see Herbicides). 

Copper Nitrates. The ttihydrate [10031 3-3] crystallizes as blue rhombic plates. Copper(II) nitrate hexahydrate [13478-38-17,... 

Cu(N03 )26H2 0, is produced by crystallization from solutions below the transition poiat of 26.4°C. A basic copper nitrate [12158-75-7] Cu2(N02)(0H)2, rather than the anhydrous product is produced on dehydration of the hydrated salts. The most common commercial forms for copper nitrate ate the ttihydtate and solutions containing about 14% copper. Copper nitrate can be prepared by dissolution of the carbonate, hydroxide, or oxides ia nitric acid. Nitric acid vigorously attacks copper metal to give the nitrate and evolution of nitrogen oxides. 

Electroless Copper. Electroless copper, iatroduced ia the mid-1950s (41,43), is available commercially ia great variety. Eormaldehyde is usually the reduciag agent, copper sulfate (occasionally copper nitrate or copper chloride) is the metal salt, and sodium hydroxide is used to control pH. 

Hydrogen cyanide is a reactant in the production of acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylates (from acetone), adiponitrile, and sodium cyanide. It is also used to make oxamide, a long-lived fertilizer that releases nitrogen steadily over the vegetation period. Oxamide is produced by the reaction of hydrogen cyanide with water and oxygen using a copper nitrate catalyst at about 70°C and atmospheric pressure ... 

As a third oxidation-reduction example, suppose a strip of metallic zinc is placed in a solution of copper nitrate, Cu(N03)j. The strip becomes coated with reddish metallic copper and the bluish color of the solution disappears. The presence of zinc ion, Zn+2, among the products can be shown when the Cu+2 color is gone. Then if hydrogen sulfide gas is passed into the mixture, white zinc sulfide, ZnS, can be seen. The reaction between metallic zinc and the aqueous copper nitrate is... 

Synthetic standard solution (for analysis of steel). Dissolve an appropriate weight of pure iron (Johnson Matthey) in a mixture of equal volumes of concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid with this solution as base, add a suitable amount of copper nitrate solution containing 0.01 g copper per L. 

Aluminium sulphate Ammonium bifluoride Ammonium bisulphite Ammonium bromide Ammonium persulphate Antimony trichloride Beryllium chloride Cadmium chloride Calcium hypochlorite Copper nitrate Copper sulphate Cupric chloride Cuprous chloride Ferric chloride Ferric nitrate... 

Copper nitrate reacts with sodamide and ammonia by forming explosive copper amides. The oxidising properties of this nitrate have led to violent detonations with ammonium hexacyanoferrates heated to 220 C in the presence of water traces, or dry at the same temperature, but in the presence of an excess of hexacyanoferrate. These accidents illustrate once more the incompatibility between compounds with a cyano group (or cyanide anion) and oxidants. An accident also occurred with a potassium hexacyanoferrate. 

It is oxidised very violently by nitrates. The reaction is very violent in molten ammonium nitrate detonations were also mentioned. Tin in thin leaves and incorporated in an aqueous solution of copper nitrate combusted and threw up showers of sparks all over the surrounding area. 

The catalyst used throughout this study was prepared by impregnation. To a slurry of silica (M5 Cab-O-Sil, Surface Area 200 m2g 1) in water sufficient copper nitrate solution was added to give a loading of 8.6 % w/w Cu. The resulting suspension was dried at 353 K until a free flowing powder was obtained. 

Use of mixtures of metal nitrates with acetic anhydride as a nitrating agent may be hazardous, depending on the proportions of reactants and on the cation copper nitrate or sodium nitrate usually cause violent reactions [ 1], An improved procedure for the use of the anhydride-copper(II) nitration mixture [2] has been further modified [3] to improve safety aspects. 

Calabrese, E.J., J.A. Garreffi, and E.J. Stanek. 1992. The effects of joint exposures to environmental oxidants on methemoglobin formation copper/nitrate and copper/chlorite. Jour. Environ. Sci. Health 27A 629-642. 

Catalysts. Cupric oxide was prepared by thermal decomposition of reagent grade copper nitrate (Wako Pure Chem.Inc.Ltd.) at 400°C in air for 4 hrs. Magnesium oxide was commercially available reagent grade powder (Kanto Chemical Co.Ltd.). The oxides powders were pressed into tablets and crushed and 24-42 mesh granules were used as catalysts. 

FIGURE 6.11 Diagram of the processing technique used to prepare Cu-Ce02-YSZ anodes for direct oxidation of hydrocarbon fuels by preparing a porous preform of YSZ and then infiltrating it with cerium nitrates to form ceria and then with copper nitrates to form metallic copper [84]. Reprinted from [84] with permission from Elsevier. 

Diels-Alder reactions are one of the most famous examples which are accderated by a Lewis acid. Various water-stable Lewis adds such as Ln(OTf)3,1371 methylrhenium trioxide,1381 copper nitrate,1391 copper bis(dodecyl sulfate) (4b),1401 indium chloride,1411 and bismuth triflate1421 have been used for Diels-Alder and aza-Diels-Alder reactions in water. Furthermore, a catalytic asymmetric Dids-Alder reaction in water using a copper complex of an amino... 

Copper(II) nitrate hexahydrate, 7 770 Copper nitrates, 7 770 Copper nitrate trihydrate, 7 770 Copper(II) nitrate trihydrate, molecular formula and uses, 7 1181 Copper(II) oleate, molecular formula and uses, 7 1181... 

Mercuric oxide (5 g.) is dissolved for the most part in a still warm mixture of 110 c.c. of water and 50 c.c. of concentrated sulphuric acid. The mixture is brought into a large hydrogenation flask (Fig. 58, p. 377) and shaken for some time with acetylene prepared from calcium carbide, purified with acid solutions of dichromate and copper nitrate, and collected over saturated sodium chloride solution in a glass gas-holder (capacity 10-15 litres). Before shaking is begun the air present must be displaced by the hydrocarbon. 

Using Resources Use resources such as the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, the Merck Index, or the Internet to determine the colors of silver metal and copper nitrate in water. Compare this information with your observations of the reactants and products in step 6. 

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