Cromoglycate, sodium

Carboxylic acid derivatives of heterocycles have proved a source of compounds that show the same allergic mediator release inhibiting activity as sodium cromoglycate. A number of these agents have been taken to the clinic for trial as antiallergic agents. 

Kellaway, I. W., Taylor, K. G. M., Taylor, G., and Stevens, J. (1988). The pharmacokinetics of liposomal sodium cromoglycate nebulized to volunteers, Proc. Int. Symp. Control. Rel. Bioact. Mater.. 15, 197-198. 

Snake venoms, neuroactive, 21 (1984) 63 Sodium cromoglycate analogues, 21 (1984) 1... 

JH Bell, NA Stevenson, JE Taylor. A moisture transfer effect in hard gelatin capsules of sodium cromoglycate. J Pharm Pharmacol 25 (suppl) 96P-103P, 1973. 

Fig. 10 Release of cromolyn sodium (sodium cromoglycate) from human serum albumin microspheres prepared using a water-oil emulsion technique with 5% glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agent. Dissolution medium pH 7 phosphate buffer. (From Ref. 98.)... 

Wilson, C. G. Tomlinson, E. Davis, S. S. Olejnik, O., Altered ocular absorption and disposition of sodium cromoglycate upon ion-pair and complex coacervate formation with dodecylbenzyldimethyl-ammonium chloride, J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 31, 749-753 (1981). 

Godfrey, S., Zeidifard, E., Brown, K. and Bell, J.H. (1974). The possible site of action of sodium cromoglycate assessed by exercise challenge. Clin. Sci. Mol. Med. 46 265-272. 

Oxalate is found to be a frequent impurity in pharmaceutical substances belonging to the category of either organic acids e.g.. anhydrous citric acid, tartaric acid or salts of organic acids e.g., ferrous gluconate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate and sodium cromoglycate. The presence of this impurity is due to the following two prime factors, namely ... 

Sodium cromoglycate Effect of higher dose (5 mg/puff) Effect of spacer 14... 

The majority of the marketed products are used for asthma and COPD. Typical agents that are used for these indications are fl2-agonists such as salbutamol (albuterol), Terbutalin or formoterol, corticosteroids such as budesonide, FUxotide or beclomethasone and mast-cell stabilizers such as sodium cromoglycate or nedocromil. 

There is no role for other anti-inflammatory drugs such as sodium cromoglycate, nedocromil, keto-tifen, leukotriene antagonists or antihistamines in COPD. 

Drugs given by this route are quickly absorbed, which takes place from the vast surface of alveoli and produce rapid action. Various bronchodilators and mast cell stabilizers are used in the treatment and prophylaxis of bronchial asthma i.e. salbutamol (ASTHALIN) and sodium cromoglycate (FINTAL) inhaler. 

Aerosols are suspension of fine, solid or liquid particles in a medium like air or oxygen and administered with the help of nebulizers. They are used to apply drugs to the respiratory tract in asthmatic patients e.g. Asthalin (salbutamol) inhaler, Fintal (sodium cromoglycate) inhaler. 

Sodium cromoglycate (CEIROMOTOP) 2 mg by aerosol TDS-QID, 2% nasal spray (FINTAL)... 

Sodium cromoglycate is not absorbed orally and is to be administered by aerosol. Only a small fraction of mhaled drug is absorbed systemically and it is rapidly excreted unchanged in urine and bile. 

Guevara J et al Inhaled corticosteroids versus sodium cromoglycate in children and adults with asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006 2 CD003558. 

Yoshihara S et al Effects of early intervention with inhaled sodium cromoglycate in childhood asthma. Lung 2006 184 63. [PMID 16622775]... 

Bendrofluazide (bendroflumethiazide) Clioquinol (iodochlorhydroxyquin) Sodium cromoglycate (cromolyn sodium) Debrisoquine (debrisoquin)... 

Price JF, Russell G, Hindmarsh PC, Weller P, Heaf DP, Williams J. Growth during one year of treatment with fluticasone propionate or sodium cromoglycate in children with asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol 1997 24(3) 178-86. 

Organic phase chloroform Aqueous phase 0.1 mM of pairing ion in water. Solutes sodium cromoglycate (circles) and acid red dye I (triangles). Figure taken from ref. [385]. Reprinted with permission. 

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